5 @@RXVT_NAME@@perl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter
9 # create a file grab_test in $HOME:
12 warn "you selected ", $_[0]->selection;
16 # start a @@RXVT_NAME@@ using it:
18 @@RXVT_NAME@@ --perl-lib $HOME -pe grab_test
22 Everytime a terminal object gets created, extension scripts specified via
23 the C<perl> resource are loaded and associated with it.
25 Scripts are compiled in a 'use strict' and 'use utf8' environment, and
26 thus must be encoded as UTF-8.
28 Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in @@RXVT_NAME@@d, where
29 scripts will be shared (but not enabled) for all terminals.
31 =head1 PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS
33 This section describes the extensions delivered with this release. You can
34 find them in F<@@RXVT_LIBDIR@@/urxvt/perl/>.
36 You can activate them like this:
38 @@RXVT_NAME@@ -pe <extensionname>
42 =item selection (enabled by default)
44 (More) intelligent selection. This extension tries to be more intelligent
45 when the user extends selections (double-click). Right now, it tries to
46 select urls and complete shell-quoted arguments, which is very convenient,
47 too, if your F<ls> supports C<--quoting-style=shell>.
49 It also offers the following bindable keyboard command:
55 Rot-13 the selection when activated. Used via keyboard trigger:
57 URxvt.keysym.C-M-r: perl:selection:rot13
61 =item option-popup (enabled by default)
63 Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button2 that lets you toggle (some) options at
66 =item selection-popup (enabled by default)
68 Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button3 that lets you convert the selection
69 text into various other formats/action (such as uri unescaping, perl
70 evalution, web-browser starting etc.), depending on content.
72 =item searchable-scrollback<hotkey> (enabled by default)
74 Adds regex search functionality to the scrollback buffer, triggered
75 by a hotkey (default: C<M-s>). When in search mode, normal terminal
76 input/output is suspended.
78 C</> starts an incremental regex search, C<n> searches further, C<p> or
79 C<N> jump to the previous match, C<G> jumps to the bottom and clears the
80 history, C<enter> leaves search mode at the current position and C<escape>
81 returns to the original position.
85 Displays a digital clock using the built-in overlay.
89 Uses per-line display filtering (C<on_line_update>) to underline urls and
90 make them clickable. When middle-clicked, the program specified in the
91 resource C<urlLauncher> (default C<x-www-browser>) will be started.
93 =item block-graphics-to-ascii
95 A not very useful example of filtering all text output to the terminal,
96 by replacing all line-drawing characters (U+2500 .. U+259F) by a
97 similar-looking ascii character.
99 =item example-refresh-hooks
101 Displays a very simple digital clock in the upper right corner of the
102 window. Illustrates overwriting the refresh callbacks to create your own
107 =head1 API DOCUMENTATION
109 =head2 General API Considerations
111 All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical
112 reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you
113 like. All members starting with an underscore (such as C<_ptr> or
114 C<_hook>) are reserved for internal uses and B<MUST NOT> be accessed or
117 When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are
118 emptied, so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and
119 the like inside the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the
120 terminal is destroyed.
122 Argument names also often indicate the type of a parameter. Here are some
123 hints on what they mean:
129 Rxvt-unicodes special way of encoding text, where one "unicode" character
130 always represents one screen cell. See L<ROW_t> for a discussion of this format.
134 A perl text string, with an emphasis on I<text>. It can store all unicode
135 characters and is to be distinguished with text encoded in a specific
136 encoding (often locale-specific) and binary data.
140 Either binary data or - more common - a text string encoded in a
145 =head2 Extension Objects
147 Very perl extension is a perl class. A separate perl object is created
148 for each terminal and each extension and passed as the first parameter to
149 hooks. So extensions can use their C<$self> object without having to think
150 about other extensions, with the exception of methods and members that
151 begin with an underscore character C<_>: these are reserved for internal
154 Although it isn't a C<urxvt::term> object, you can call all methods of the
155 C<urxvt::term> class on this object.
157 It has the following methods and data members:
161 =item $urxvt_term = $self->{term}
163 Returns the C<urxvt::term> object associated with this instance of the
164 extension. This member I<must not> be changed in any way.
166 =item $self->enable ($hook_name => $cb, [$hook_name => $cb..])
168 Dynamically enable the given hooks (named without the C<on_> prefix) for
169 this extension, replacing any previous hook. This is useful when you want
170 to overwrite time-critical hooks only temporarily.
172 =item $self->disable ($hook_name[, $hook_name..])
174 Dynamically disable the given hooks.
180 The following subroutines can be declared in extension files, and will be
181 called whenever the relevant event happens.
183 The first argument passed to them is an extension oject as described in
184 the in the C<Extension Objects> section.
186 B<All> of these hooks must return a boolean value. If it is true, then the
187 event counts as being I<consumed>, and the invocation of other hooks is
188 skipped, and the relevant action might not be carried out by the C++ code.
190 I<< When in doubt, return a false value (preferably C<()>). >>
196 Called after a new terminal object has been initialized, but before
197 windows are created or the command gets run. Most methods are unsafe to
198 call or deliver senseless data, as terminal size and other characteristics
199 have not yet been determined. You can safely query and change resources,
204 Called after the screen is "reset" for any reason, such as resizing or
205 control sequences. Here is where you can react on changes to size-related
210 Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal, just before
211 returning to the mainloop.
213 =item on_sel_make $term, $eventtime
215 Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but before the
216 selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or type of the
217 selection will be honored.
219 Returning a true value aborts selection making by urxvt, in which case you
220 have to make a selection yourself by calling C<< $term->selection_grab >>.
222 =item on_sel_grab $term, $eventtime
224 Called whenever a selection has been copied, but before the selection is
225 requested from the server. The selection text can be queried and changed
226 by calling C<< $term->selection >>.
228 Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be hilighted.
230 =item on_sel_extend $term
232 Called whenever the user tries to extend the selection (e.g. with a double
233 click) and is either supposed to return false (normal operation), or
234 should extend the selection itelf and return true to suppress the built-in
235 processing. This can happen multiple times, as long as the callback
236 returns true, it will be called on every further click by the user and is
237 supposed to enlarge the selection more and more, if possible.
239 See the F<selection> example extension.
241 =item on_view_change $term, $offset
243 Called whenever the view offset changes, i..e the user or program
244 scrolls. Offset C<0> means display the normal terminal, positive values
245 show this many lines of scrollback.
247 =item on_scroll_back $term, $lines, $saved
249 Called whenever lines scroll out of the terminal area into the scrollback
250 buffer. C<$lines> is the number of lines scrolled out and may be larger
251 than the scroll back buffer or the terminal.
253 It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines - 1,
254 $nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). C<$saved> is the total
255 number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.
257 =item on_osc_seq $term, $string
259 Called whenever the B<ESC ] 777 ; string ST> command sequence (OSC =
260 operating system command) is processed. Cursor position and other state
261 information is up-to-date when this happens. For interoperability, the
262 string should start with the extension name and a colon, to distinguish
263 it from commands for other extensions, and this might be enforced in the
266 Be careful not ever to trust (in a security sense) the data you receive,
267 as its source can not easily be controleld (e-mail content, messages from
268 other users on the same system etc.).
270 =item on_add_lines $term, $string
272 Called whenever text is about to be output, with the text as argument. You
273 can filter/change and output the text yourself by returning a true value
274 and calling C<< $term->scr_add_lines >> yourself. Please note that this
275 might be very slow, however, as your hook is called for B<all> text being
278 =item on_tt_write $term, $octets
280 Called whenever some data is written to the tty/pty and can be used to
281 suppress or filter tty input.
283 =item on_line_update $term, $row
285 Called whenever a line was updated or changed. Can be used to filter
286 screen output (e.g. underline urls or other useless stuff). Only lines
287 that are being shown will be filtered, and, due to performance reasons,
288 not always immediately.
290 The row number is always the topmost row of the line if the line spans
293 Please note that, if you change the line, then the hook might get called
294 later with the already-modified line (e.g. if unrelated parts change), so
295 you cannot just toggle rendition bits, but only set them.
297 =item on_refresh_begin $term
299 Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for overlay
300 or similar effects by modify terminal contents in refresh_begin, and
301 restoring them in refresh_end. The built-in overlay and selection display
302 code is run after this hook, and takes precedence.
304 =item on_refresh_end $term
306 Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See C<on_refresh_begin>.
308 =item on_keyboard_command $term, $string
310 Called whenever the user presses a key combination that has a
311 C<perl:string> action bound to it (see description of the B<keysym>
312 resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage).
314 =item on_focus_in $term
316 Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode
317 does focus in processing.
319 =item on_focus_out $term
321 Called wheneever the window loses keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode does
322 focus out processing.
324 =item on_key_press $term, $event, $keysym, $octets
326 =item on_key_release $term, $event, $keysym
328 =item on_button_press $term, $event
330 =item on_button_release $term, $event
332 =item on_motion_notify $term, $event
334 =item on_map_notify $term, $event
336 =item on_unmap_notify $term, $event
338 Called whenever the corresponding X event is received for the terminal If
339 the hook returns true, then the even will be ignored by rxvt-unicode.
341 The event is a hash with most values as named by Xlib (see the XEvent
342 manpage), with the additional members C<row> and C<col>, which are the row
343 and column under the mouse cursor.
345 C<on_key_press> additionally receives the string rxvt-unicode would
346 output, if any, in locale-specific encoding.
365 our %HOOKTYPE = map +($HOOKNAME[$_] => $_), 0..$#HOOKNAME;
373 =head2 Variables in the C<urxvt> Package
379 The rxvt-unicode library directory, where, among other things, the perl
380 modules and scripts are stored.
382 =item $urxvt::RESCLASS, $urxvt::RESCLASS
384 The resource class and name rxvt-unicode uses to look up X resources.
386 =item $urxvt::RXVTNAME
388 The basename of the installed binaries, usually C<urxvt>.
392 The current terminal. This variable stores the current C<urxvt::term>
393 object, whenever a callback/hook is executing.
397 =head2 Functions in the C<urxvt> Package
401 =item urxvt::fatal $errormessage
403 Fatally aborts execution with the given error message. Avoid at all
404 costs! The only time this is acceptable is when the terminal process
407 =item urxvt::warn $string
409 Calls C<rxvt_warn> with the given string which should not include a
410 newline. The module also overwrites the C<warn> builtin with a function
411 that calls this function.
413 Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the
414 correct place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.
416 Messages have a size limit of 1023 bytes currently.
418 =item $is_safe = urxvt::safe
420 Returns true when it is safe to do potentially unsafe things, such as
421 evaluating perl code specified by the user. This is true when urxvt was
422 started setuid or setgid.
424 =item $time = urxvt::NOW
426 Returns the "current time" (as per the event loop).
428 =item urxvt::CurrentTime
430 =item urxvt::ShiftMask, LockMask, ControlMask, Mod1Mask, Mod2Mask,
431 Mod3Mask, Mod4Mask, Mod5Mask, Button1Mask, Button2Mask, Button3Mask,
432 Button4Mask, Button5Mask, AnyModifier
434 Various constants for use in X calls and event processing.
440 Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font styles and
441 similar information for each screen cell.
443 The following "macros" deal with changes in rendition sets. You should
444 never just create a bitset, you should always modify an existing one,
445 as they contain important information required for correct operation of
450 =item $rend = urxvt::DEFAULT_RSTYLE
452 Returns the default rendition, as used when the terminal is starting up or
453 being reset. Useful as a base to start when creating renditions.
455 =item $rend = urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE
457 Return the rendition mask used for overlays by default.
459 =item $rendbit = urxvt::RS_Bold, RS_Italic, RS_Blink, RS_RVid, RS_Uline
461 Return the bit that enabled bold, italic, blink, reverse-video and
462 underline, respectively. To enable such a style, just logically OR it into
465 =item $foreground = urxvt::GET_BASEFG $rend
467 =item $background = urxvt::GET_BASEBG $rend
469 Return the foreground/background colour index, respectively.
471 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_FGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
473 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_BGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
475 Replace the foreground/background colour in the rendition mask with the
478 =item $value = urxvt::GET_CUSTOM $rend
480 Return the "custom" value: Every rendition has 5 bits for use by
481 extensions. They can be set and changed as you like and are initially
484 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_CUSTOM $rend, $new_value
486 Change the custom value.
495 # overwrite perl's warn
496 *CORE::GLOBAL::warn = sub {
497 my $msg = join "", @_;
499 unless $msg =~ /\n$/;
503 # %ENV is the original startup environment
506 delete $ENV{BASH_ENV};
507 $ENV{PATH} = "/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/opt/bin:/opt/sbin";
511 my $verbosity = $ENV{URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY};
514 my ($level, $msg) = @_;
515 warn "$msg\n" if $level <= $verbosity;
518 my $extension_pkg = "extension0000";
521 # load a single script into its own package, once only
522 sub extension_package($) {
525 $extension_pkg{$path} ||= do {
526 my $pkg = "urxvt::" . ($extension_pkg++);
528 verbose 3, "loading extension '$path' into package '$pkg'";
530 open my $fh, "<:raw", $path
534 "package $pkg; use strict; use utf8;\n"
535 . "use base urxvt::term::extension::;\n"
536 . "#line 1 \"$path\"\n{\n"
537 . (do { local $/; <$fh> })
547 our $retval; # return value for urxvt
549 # called by the rxvt core
554 if ($htype == 0) { # INIT
555 my @dirs = ((split /:/, $TERM->resource ("perl_lib")), "$LIBDIR/perl");
559 for (map { split /,/, $TERM->resource ("perl_ext_$_") } 1, 2) {
560 if ($_ eq "default") {
561 $ext_arg{$_} ||= [] for qw(selection option-popup selection-popup searchable-scrollback);
562 } elsif (/^-(.*)$/) {
564 } elsif (/^([^<]+)<(.*)>$/) {
565 push @{ $ext_arg{$1} }, $2;
571 while (my ($ext, $argv) = each %ext_arg) {
572 my @files = grep -f $_, map "$_/$ext", @dirs;
575 $TERM->register_package (extension_package $files[0], $argv);
577 warn "perl extension '$ext' not found in perl library search path\n";
581 eval "#line 1 \"--perl-eval resource/argument\"\n" . $TERM->resource ("perl_eval");
587 if (my $cb = $TERM->{_hook}[$htype]) {
588 verbose 10, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] (" . (join ", ", $TERM, @_) . ")"
593 while (my ($pkg, $cb) = each %$cb) {
594 $retval = eval { $cb->($TERM->{_pkg}{$pkg}, @_) }
598 $TERM->ungrab; # better to lose the grab than the session
603 verbose 11, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] returning <$retval>"
607 if ($htype == 1) { # DESTROY
608 if (my $hook = delete $TERM->{_hook}) {
609 for my $htype (0..$#$hook) {
610 $hook_count[$htype] -= scalar keys %{ $hook->[$htype] || {} }
611 or set_should_invoke $htype, 0;
615 # clear package objects
616 %$_ = () for values %{ $TERM->{_pkg} };
629 if !defined $pid or $pid;
631 %ENV = %{ $TERM->env };
637 # urxvt::term::extension
639 package urxvt::term::extension;
642 my ($self, %hook) = @_;
643 my $pkg = $self->{_pkg};
645 while (my ($name, $cb) = each %hook) {
646 my $htype = $HOOKTYPE{uc $name};
648 or Carp::croak "unsupported hook type '$name'";
650 unless (exists $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg}) {
651 $hook_count[$htype]++
652 or urxvt::set_should_invoke $htype, 1;
655 $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg} = $cb;
660 my ($self, @hook) = @_;
661 my $pkg = $self->{_pkg};
663 for my $name (@hook) {
664 my $htype = $HOOKTYPE{uc $name};
666 or Carp::croak "unsupported hook type '$name'";
668 if (delete $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg}) {
669 --$hook_count[$htype]
670 or urxvt::set_should_invoke $htype, 0;
678 $AUTOLOAD =~ /:([^:]+)$/
679 or die "FATAL: \$AUTOLOAD '$AUTOLOAD' unparsable";
684 \$proxy->{term}->$1 (\@_)
687 } or die "FATAL: unable to compile method forwarder: $@";
696 # urxvt::destroy_hook
698 sub urxvt::destroy_hook::DESTROY {
702 sub urxvt::destroy_hook(&) {
703 bless \shift, urxvt::destroy_hook::
706 package urxvt::anyevent;
708 =head2 The C<urxvt::anyevent> Class
710 The sole purpose of this class is to deliver an interface to the
711 C<AnyEvent> module - any module using it will work inside urxvt without
712 further programming. The only exception is that you cannot wait on
713 condition variables, but non-blocking condvar use is ok. What this means
714 is that you cannot use blocking APIs, but the non-blocking variant should
721 $INC{"urxvt/anyevent.pm"} = 1; # mark us as there
722 push @AnyEvent::REGISTRY, [urxvt => urxvt::anyevent::];
725 my ($class, %arg) = @_;
731 ->start (urxvt::NOW + $arg{after})
733 $_[0]->stop; # need to cancel manually
739 my ($class, %arg) = @_;
743 bless [$arg{fh}, urxvt::iow
745 ->fd (fileno $arg{fh})
746 ->events (($arg{poll} =~ /r/ ? 1 : 0)
747 | ($arg{poll} =~ /w/ ? 2 : 0))
750 $cb->(($_[1] & 1 ? 'r' : '')
751 . ($_[1] & 2 ? 'w' : ''));
761 bless \my $flag, urxvt::anyevent::condvar::
764 sub urxvt::anyevent::condvar::broadcast {
768 sub urxvt::anyevent::condvar::wait {
770 Carp::croak "AnyEvent->condvar blocking wait unsupported in urxvt, use a non-blocking API";
776 =head2 The C<urxvt::term> Class
782 # find on_xxx subs in the package and register them
784 sub register_package {
785 my ($self, $pkg, $argv) = @_;
791 Scalar::Util::weaken ($proxy->{term} = $self);
793 $self->{_pkg}{$pkg} = $proxy;
795 for my $name (@HOOKNAME) {
796 if (my $ref = $pkg->can ("on_" . lc $name)) {
797 $proxy->enable ($name => $ref);
802 =item $term = new urxvt::term $envhashref, $rxvtname, [arg...]
804 Creates a new terminal, very similar as if you had started it with system
805 C<$rxvtname, arg...>. C<$envhashref> must be a reference to a C<%ENV>-like
806 hash which defines the environment of the new terminal.
808 Croaks (and probably outputs an error message) if the new instance
809 couldn't be created. Returns C<undef> if the new instance didn't
810 initialise perl, and the terminal object otherwise. The C<init> and
811 C<start> hooks will be called during this call.
816 my ($class, $env, @args) = @_;
818 _new ([ map "$_=$env->{$_}", keys %$env ], @args);
823 Destroy the terminal object (close the window, free resources
824 etc.). Please note that @@RXVT_NAME@@ will not exit as long as any event
825 watchers (timers, io watchers) are still active.
827 =item $isset = $term->option ($optval[, $set])
829 Returns true if the option specified by C<$optval> is enabled, and
830 optionally change it. All option values are stored by name in the hash
831 C<%urxvt::OPTION>. Options not enabled in this binary are not in the hash.
833 Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of option names, please see the
834 source file F</src/optinc.h> to see the actual list:
836 borderLess console cursorBlink cursorUnderline hold iconic insecure
837 intensityStyles jumpScroll loginShell mapAlert meta8 mouseWheelScrollPage
838 pastableTabs pointerBlank reverseVideo scrollBar scrollBar_floating
839 scrollBar_right scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput scrollWithBuffer
840 secondaryScreen secondaryScroll skipBuiltinGlyphs transparent
841 tripleclickwords utmpInhibit visualBell
843 =item $value = $term->resource ($name[, $newval])
845 Returns the current resource value associated with a given name and
846 optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the C<init>
847 hook. Unset resources are returned and accepted as C<undef>.
849 The new value must be properly encoded to a suitable character encoding
850 before passing it to this method. Similarly, the returned value may need
851 to be converted from the used encoding to text.
853 Resource names are as defined in F<src/rsinc.h>. Colours can be specified
854 as resource names of the form C<< color+<index> >>, e.g. C<color+5>. (will
857 Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when the
858 terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat memory.
860 Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of which
861 are supported in every build, please see the source file F</src/rsinc.h>
862 to see the actual list:
864 answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key boldFont boldItalicFont
865 borderLess color cursorBlink cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key
866 display_name embed ext_bwidth fade font geometry hold iconName
867 imFont imLocale inputMethod insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles
868 italicFont jumpScroll lineSpace loginShell mapAlert menu meta8 modifier
869 mouseWheelScrollPage name pastableTabs path perl_eval perl_ext_1 perl_ext_2
870 perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay preeditType print_pipe pty_fd
871 reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating
872 scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput
873 scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle secondaryScreen secondaryScroll selectstyle
874 shade term_name title transparent transparent_all tripleclickwords
875 utmpInhibit visualBell
880 my ($self, $name) = (shift, shift);
881 unshift @_, $self, $name, ($name =~ s/\s*\+\s*(\d+)$// ? $1 : 0);
882 &urxvt::term::_resource
885 =item $value = $term->x_resource ($pattern)
887 Returns the X-Resource for the given pattern, excluding the program or
888 class name, i.e. C<< $term->x_resource ("boldFont") >> should return the
889 same value as used by this instance of rxvt-unicode. Returns C<undef> if no
890 resource with that pattern exists.
892 This method should only be called during the C<on_start> hook, as there is
893 only one resource database per display, and later invocations might return
896 =item $success = $term->parse_keysym ($keysym_spec, $command_string)
898 Adds a keymap translation exactly as specified via a resource. See the
899 C<keysym> resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage.
901 =item $rend = $term->rstyle ([$new_rstyle])
903 Return and optionally change the current rendition. Text that is output by
904 the terminal application will use this style.
906 =item ($row, $col) = $term->screen_cur ([$row, $col])
908 Return the current coordinates of the text cursor position and optionally
909 set it (which is usually bad as applications don't expect that).
911 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_mark ([$row, $col])
913 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_beg ([$row, $col])
915 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_end ([$row, $col])
917 Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or end positions,
918 and optionally set them to new values.
920 =item $term->selection_make ($eventtime[, $rectangular])
922 Tries to make a selection as set by C<selection_beg> and
923 C<selection_end>. If C<$rectangular> is true (default: false), a
924 rectangular selection will be made. This is the prefered function to make
927 =item $success = $term->selection_grab ($eventtime)
929 Try to request the primary selection text from the server (for example, as
930 set by the next method). No visual feedback will be given. This function
931 is mostly useful from within C<on_sel_grab> hooks.
933 =item $oldtext = $term->selection ([$newtext])
935 Return the current selection text and optionally replace it by C<$newtext>.
937 =item $term->overlay_simple ($x, $y, $text)
939 Create a simple multi-line overlay box. See the next method for details.
944 my ($self, $x, $y, $text) = @_;
946 my @lines = split /\n/, $text;
948 my $w = List::Util::max map $self->strwidth ($_), @lines;
950 my $overlay = $self->overlay ($x, $y, $w, scalar @lines);
951 $overlay->set (0, $_, $lines[$_]) for 0.. $#lines;
956 =item $term->overlay ($x, $y, $width, $height[, $rstyle[, $border]])
958 Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the given
959 width/height. C<$rstyle> defines the initial rendition style
960 (default: C<OVERLAY_RSTYLE>).
962 If C<$border> is C<2> (default), then a decorative border will be put
965 If either C<$x> or C<$y> is negative, then this is counted from the
966 right/bottom side, respectively.
968 This method returns an urxvt::overlay object. The overlay will be visible
969 as long as the perl object is referenced.
971 The methods currently supported on C<urxvt::overlay> objects are:
975 =item $overlay->set ($x, $y, $text, $rend)
977 Similar to C<< $term->ROW_t >> and C<< $term->ROW_r >> in that it puts
978 text in rxvt-unicode's special encoding and an array of rendition values
979 at a specific position inside the overlay.
983 If visible, hide the overlay, but do not destroy it.
987 If hidden, display the overlay again.
991 =item $popup = $term->popup ($event)
993 Creates a new C<urxvt::popup> object that implements a popup menu. The
994 C<$event> I<must> be the event causing the menu to pop up (a button event,
1000 my ($self, $event) = @_;
1002 $self->grab ($event->{time}, 1)
1010 Scalar::Util::weaken $popup->{term};
1012 $self->{_destroy}{$popup} = urxvt::destroy_hook { $popup->{popup}->destroy };
1013 Scalar::Util::weaken $self->{_destroy}{$popup};
1018 =item $cellwidth = $term->strwidth ($string)
1020 Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need. Correctly
1021 accounts for wide and combining characters.
1023 =item $octets = $term->locale_encode ($string)
1025 Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale encoding.
1027 =item $string = $term->locale_decode ($octets)
1029 Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.
1031 =item $term->scr_xor_span ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle])
1033 XORs the rendition values in the given span with the provided value
1034 (default: C<RS_RVid>), which I<MUST NOT> contain font styles. Useful in
1035 refresh hooks to provide effects similar to the selection.
1037 =item $term->scr_xor_rect ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle1[, $rstyle2]])
1039 Similar to C<scr_xor_span>, but xors a rectangle instead. Trailing
1040 whitespace will additionally be xored with the C<$rstyle2>, which defaults
1041 to C<RS_RVid | RS_Uline>, which removes reverse video again and underlines
1042 it instead. Both styles I<MUST NOT> contain font styles.
1044 =item $term->scr_bell
1048 =item $term->scr_add_lines ($string)
1050 Write the given text string to the screen, as if output by the application
1051 running inside the terminal. It may not contain command sequences (escape
1052 codes), but is free to use line feeds, carriage returns and tabs. The
1053 string is a normal text string, not in locale-dependent encoding.
1055 Normally its not a good idea to use this function, as programs might be
1056 confused by changes in cursor position or scrolling. Its useful inside a
1057 C<on_add_lines> hook, though.
1059 =item $term->cmd_parse ($octets)
1061 Similar to C<scr_add_lines>, but the argument must be in the
1062 locale-specific encoding of the terminal and can contain command sequences
1063 (escape codes) that will be interpreted.
1065 =item $term->tt_write ($octets)
1067 Write the octets given in C<$data> to the tty (i.e. as program input). To
1068 pass characters instead of octets, you should convert your strings first
1069 to the locale-specific encoding using C<< $term->locale_encode >>.
1071 =item $old_events = $term->pty_ev_events ([$new_events])
1073 Replaces the event mask of the pty watcher by the given event mask. Can
1074 be used to suppress input and output handling to the pty/tty. See the
1075 description of C<< urxvt::timer->events >>. Make sure to always restore
1078 =item $windowid = $term->parent
1080 Return the window id of the toplevel window.
1082 =item $windowid = $term->vt
1084 Return the window id of the terminal window.
1086 =item $window_width = $term->width
1088 =item $window_height = $term->height
1090 =item $font_width = $term->fwidth
1092 =item $font_height = $term->fheight
1094 =item $font_ascent = $term->fbase
1096 =item $terminal_rows = $term->nrow
1098 =item $terminal_columns = $term->ncol
1100 =item $has_focus = $term->focus
1102 =item $is_mapped = $term->mapped
1104 =item $max_scrollback = $term->saveLines
1106 =item $nrow_plus_saveLines = $term->total_rows
1108 =item $lines_in_scrollback = $term->nsaved
1110 Return various integers describing terminal characteristics.
1112 =item $x_display = $term->display_id
1114 Return the DISPLAY used by rxvt-unicode.
1116 =item $lc_ctype = $term->locale
1118 Returns the LC_CTYPE category string used by this rxvt-unicode.
1120 =item $env = $term->env
1122 Returns a copy of the environment in effect for the terminal as a hashref
1123 similar to C<\%ENV>.
1128 if (my $env = $_[0]->_env) {
1129 +{ map /^([^=]+)(?:=(.*))?$/s && ($1 => $2), @$env }
1135 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModLevel3Mask
1137 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModMetaMask
1139 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModNumLockMask
1141 Return the modifier masks corresponding to the "ISO Level 3 Shift" (often
1142 AltGr), the meta key (often Alt) and the num lock key, if applicable.
1144 =item $view_start = $term->view_start ([$newvalue])
1146 Returns the negative row number of the topmost line. Minimum value is
1147 C<0>, which displays the normal terminal contents. Larger values scroll
1148 this many lines into the scrollback buffer.
1150 =item $term->want_refresh
1152 Requests a screen refresh. At the next opportunity, rxvt-unicode will
1153 compare the on-screen display with its stored representation. If they
1154 differ, it redraws the differences.
1156 Used after changing terminal contents to display them.
1158 =item $text = $term->ROW_t ($row_number[, $new_text[, $start_col]])
1160 Returns the text of the entire row with number C<$row_number>. Row C<0>
1161 is the topmost terminal line, row C<< $term->$ncol-1 >> is the bottommost
1162 terminal line. The scrollback buffer starts at line C<-1> and extends to
1163 line C<< -$term->nsaved >>. Nothing will be returned if a nonexistent line
1166 If C<$new_text> is specified, it will replace characters in the current
1167 line, starting at column C<$start_col> (default C<0>), which is useful
1168 to replace only parts of a line. The font index in the rendition will
1169 automatically be updated.
1171 C<$text> is in a special encoding: tabs and wide characters that use more
1172 than one cell when displayed are padded with urxvt::NOCHAR characters
1173 (C<chr 65535>). Characters with combining characters and other characters
1174 that do not fit into the normal tetx encoding will be replaced with
1175 characters in the private use area.
1177 You have to obey this encoding when changing text. The advantage is
1178 that C<substr> and similar functions work on screen cells and not on
1181 The methods C<< $term->special_encode >> and C<< $term->special_decode >>
1182 can be used to convert normal strings into this encoding and vice versa.
1184 =item $rend = $term->ROW_r ($row_number[, $new_rend[, $start_col]])
1186 Like C<< $term->ROW_t >>, but returns an arrayref with rendition
1187 bitsets. Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font
1188 styles and similar information. See also C<< $term->ROW_t >>.
1190 When setting rendition, the font mask will be ignored.
1192 See the section on RENDITION, above.
1194 =item $length = $term->ROW_l ($row_number[, $new_length])
1196 Returns the number of screen cells that are in use ("the line
1197 length"). Unlike the urxvt core, this returns C<< $term->ncol >> if the
1198 line is joined with the following one.
1200 =item $bool = $term->is_longer ($row_number)
1202 Returns true if the row is part of a multiple-row logical "line" (i.e.
1203 joined with the following row), which means all characters are in use
1204 and it is continued on the next row (and possibly a continuation of the
1207 =item $line = $term->line ($row_number)
1209 Create and return a new C<urxvt::line> object that stores information
1210 about the logical line that row C<$row_number> is part of. It supports the
1215 =item $text = $line->t ([$new_text])
1217 Returns or replaces the full text of the line, similar to C<ROW_t>
1219 =item $rend = $line->r ([$new_rend])
1221 Returns or replaces the full rendition array of the line, similar to C<ROW_r>
1223 =item $length = $line->l
1225 Returns the length of the line in cells, similar to C<ROW_l>.
1227 =item $rownum = $line->beg
1229 =item $rownum = $line->end
1231 Return the row number of the first/last row of the line, respectively.
1233 =item $offset = $line->offset_of ($row, $col)
1235 Returns the character offset of the given row|col pair within the logical
1236 line. Works for rows outside the line, too, and returns corresponding
1237 offsets outside the string.
1239 =item ($row, $col) = $line->coord_of ($offset)
1241 Translates a string offset into terminal coordinates again.
1248 my ($self, $row) = @_;
1250 my $maxrow = $self->nrow - 1;
1252 my ($beg, $end) = ($row, $row);
1254 --$beg while $self->ROW_is_longer ($beg - 1);
1255 ++$end while $self->ROW_is_longer ($end) && $end < $maxrow;
1261 ncol => $self->ncol,
1262 len => ($end - $beg) * $self->ncol + $self->ROW_l ($end),
1266 sub urxvt::line::t {
1271 $self->{term}->ROW_t ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
1272 for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
1275 defined wantarray &&
1276 substr +(join "", map $self->{term}->ROW_t ($_), $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}),
1280 sub urxvt::line::r {
1285 $self->{term}->ROW_r ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
1286 for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
1289 if (defined wantarray) {
1291 map @{ $self->{term}->ROW_r ($_) }, $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}
1293 $#$rend = $self->{len} - 1;
1300 sub urxvt::line::beg { $_[0]{beg} }
1301 sub urxvt::line::end { $_[0]{end} }
1302 sub urxvt::line::l { $_[0]{len} }
1304 sub urxvt::line::offset_of {
1305 my ($self, $row, $col) = @_;
1307 ($row - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol} + $col
1310 sub urxvt::line::coord_of {
1311 my ($self, $offset) = @_;
1316 $offset / $self->{ncol} + $self->{beg},
1317 $offset % $self->{ncol}
1321 =item $text = $term->special_encode $string
1323 Converts a perl string into the special encoding used by rxvt-unicode,
1324 where one character corresponds to one screen cell. See
1325 C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
1327 =item $string = $term->special_decode $text
1329 Converts rxvt-unicodes text reprsentation into a perl string. See
1330 C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
1332 =item $success = $term->grab_button ($button, $modifiermask)
1334 Registers a synchronous button grab. See the XGrabButton manpage.
1336 =item $success = $term->grab ($eventtime[, $sync])
1338 Calls XGrabPointer and XGrabKeyboard in asynchronous (default) or
1339 synchronous (C<$sync> is true). Also remembers the grab timestampe.
1341 =item $term->allow_events_async
1343 Calls XAllowEvents with AsyncBoth for the most recent grab.
1345 =item $term->allow_events_sync
1347 Calls XAllowEvents with SyncBoth for the most recent grab.
1349 =item $term->allow_events_replay
1351 Calls XAllowEvents with both ReplayPointer and ReplayKeyboard for the most
1356 Calls XUngrab for the most recent grab. Is called automatically on
1357 evaluation errors, as it is better to lose the grab in the error case as
1364 package urxvt::popup;
1366 =head2 The C<urxvt::popup> Class
1373 my ($self, $item) = @_;
1375 $item->{rend}{normal} = "\x1b[0;30;47m" unless exists $item->{rend}{normal};
1376 $item->{rend}{hover} = "\x1b[0;30;46m" unless exists $item->{rend}{hover};
1377 $item->{rend}{active} = "\x1b[m" unless exists $item->{rend}{active};
1379 $item->{render} ||= sub { $_[0]{text} };
1381 push @{ $self->{item} }, $item;
1384 =item $popup->add_title ($title)
1386 Adds a non-clickable title to the popup.
1391 my ($self, $title) = @_;
1394 rend => { normal => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m", hover => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m", active => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m" },
1396 activate => sub { },
1400 =item $popup->add_separator ([$sepchr])
1402 Creates a separator, optionally using the character given as C<$sepchr>.
1407 my ($self, $sep) = @_;
1412 rend => { normal => "\x1b[0;30;47m", hover => "\x1b[0;30;47m", active => "\x1b[0;30;47m" },
1414 render => sub { $sep x $self->{term}->ncol },
1415 activate => sub { },
1419 =item $popup->add_button ($text, $cb)
1421 Adds a clickable button to the popup. C<$cb> is called whenever it is
1427 my ($self, $text, $cb) = @_;
1429 $self->add_item ({ type => "button", text => $text, activate => $cb});
1432 =item $popup->add_toggle ($text, $cb, $initial_value)
1434 Adds a toggle/checkbox item to the popup. Teh callback gets called
1435 whenever it gets toggled, with a boolean indicating its value as its first
1441 my ($self, $text, $cb, $value) = @_;
1447 render => sub { ($_[0]{value} ? "* " : " ") . $text },
1448 activate => sub { $cb->($_[1]{value} = !$_[1]{value}); },
1451 $self->add_item ($item);
1456 Displays the popup (which is initially hidden).
1463 local $urxvt::popup::self = $self;
1465 my $env = $self->{term}->env;
1466 # we can't hope to reproduce the locale algorithm, so nuke LC_ALL and set LC_CTYPE.
1467 delete $env->{LC_ALL};
1468 $env->{LC_CTYPE} = $self->{term}->locale;
1470 urxvt::term->new ($env, $self->{term}->resource ("name"),
1471 "--perl-lib" => "", "--perl-ext-common" => "", "-pty-fd" => -1, "-sl" => 0, "-b" => 0,
1472 "--transient-for" => $self->{term}->parent,
1473 "-display" => $self->{term}->display_id,
1474 "-pe" => "urxvt-popup")
1475 or die "unable to create popup window\n";
1481 delete $self->{term}{_destroy}{$self};
1482 $self->{term}->ungrab;
1487 =head2 The C<urxvt::timer> Class
1489 This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a
1490 fractional number of seconds since the epoch. Example:
1492 $term->{overlay} = $term->overlay (-1, 0, 8, 1, urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE, 0);
1493 $term->{timer} = urxvt::timer
1497 $term->{overlay}->set (0, 0,
1498 sprintf "%2d:%02d:%02d", (localtime urxvt::NOW)[2,1,0]);
1503 =item $timer = new urxvt::timer
1505 Create a new timer object in started state. It is scheduled to fire
1508 =item $timer = $timer->cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })
1510 Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
1512 =item $tstamp = $timer->at
1514 Return the time this watcher will fire next.
1516 =item $timer = $timer->set ($tstamp)
1518 Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp.
1520 =item $timer = $timer->interval ($interval)
1522 Normally (and when C<$interval> is C<0>), the timer will automatically
1523 stop after it has fired once. If C<$interval> is non-zero, then the timer
1524 is automatically rescheduled at the given intervals.
1526 =item $timer = $timer->start
1530 =item $timer = $timer->start ($tstamp)
1532 Set the event trigger time to C<$tstamp> and start the timer.
1534 =item $timer = $timer->stop
1540 =head2 The C<urxvt::iow> Class
1542 This class implements io watchers/events. Example:
1544 $term->{socket} = ...
1545 $term->{iow} = urxvt::iow
1547 ->fd (fileno $term->{socket})
1548 ->events (urxvt::EVENT_READ)
1551 my ($iow, $revents) = @_;
1552 # $revents must be 1 here, no need to check
1553 sysread $term->{socket}, my $buf, 8192
1560 =item $iow = new urxvt::iow
1562 Create a new io watcher object in stopped state.
1564 =item $iow = $iow->cb (sub { my ($iow, $reventmask) = @_; ... })
1566 Set the callback to be called when io events are triggered. C<$reventmask>
1567 is a bitset as described in the C<events> method.
1569 =item $iow = $iow->fd ($fd)
1571 Set the filedescriptor (not handle) to watch.
1573 =item $iow = $iow->events ($eventmask)
1575 Set the event mask to watch. The only allowed values are
1576 C<urxvt::EVENT_READ> and C<urxvt::EVENT_WRITE>, which might be ORed
1577 together, or C<urxvt::EVENT_NONE>.
1579 =item $iow = $iow->start
1581 Start watching for requested events on the given handle.
1583 =item $iow = $iow->stop
1585 Stop watching for events on the given filehandle.
1591 =head2 URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY
1593 This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher
1594 numbers indicate more verbose output.
1598 =item == 0 - fatal messages
1600 =item >= 3 - script loading and management
1602 =item >=10 - all called hooks
1604 =item >=11 - hook reutrn values
1610 Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>
1611 http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/rxvt-unicode