5 @@RXVT_NAME@@perl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter
9 # create a file grab_test in $HOME:
12 warn "you selected ", $_[0]->selection;
16 # start a @@RXVT_NAME@@ using it:
18 @@RXVT_NAME@@ --perl-lib $HOME -pe grab_test
22 Everytime a terminal object gets created, extension scripts specified via
23 the C<perl> resource are loaded and associated with it.
25 Scripts are compiled in a 'use strict' and 'use utf8' environment, and
26 thus must be encoded as UTF-8.
28 Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in @@RXVT_NAME@@d, where
29 scripts will be shared (but not enabled) for all terminals.
31 =head1 PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS
33 This section describes the extensions delivered with this release. You can
34 find them in F<@@RXVT_LIBDIR@@/urxvt/perl/>.
36 You can activate them like this:
38 @@RXVT_NAME@@ -pe <extensionname>
42 =item selection (enabled by default)
44 (More) intelligent selection. This extension tries to be more intelligent
45 when the user extends selections (double-click and further clicks). Right
46 now, it tries to select words, urls and complete shell-quoted
47 arguments, which is very convenient, too, if your F<ls> supports
48 C<--quoting-style=shell>.
50 A double-click usually selects the word under the cursor, further clicks
51 will enlarge the selection.
53 The selection works by trying to match a number of regexes and displaying
54 them in increasing order of length. You can add your own regexes by
55 specifying resources of the form:
57 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: perl-regex
58 URxvt.selection.pattern-1: perl-regex
61 The index number (0, 1...) must not have any holes, and each regex must
62 contain at least one pair of capturing parentheses, which will be used for
63 the match. For example, the followign adds a regex that matches everything
64 between two vertical bars:
66 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: \\|([^|]+)\\|
68 You can look at the source of the selection extension to see more
69 interesting uses, such as parsing a line from beginning to end.
71 This extension also offers the following bindable keyboard command:
77 Rot-13 the selection when activated. Used via keyboard trigger:
79 URxvt.keysym.C-M-r: perl:selection:rot13
83 =item option-popup (enabled by default)
85 Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button2 that lets you toggle (some) options at
88 =item selection-popup (enabled by default)
90 Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button3 that lets you convert the selection
91 text into various other formats/action (such as uri unescaping, perl
92 evalution, web-browser starting etc.), depending on content.
94 =item searchable-scrollback<hotkey> (enabled by default)
96 Adds regex search functionality to the scrollback buffer, triggered
97 by a hotkey (default: C<M-s>). While in search mode, normal terminal
98 input/output is suspended and a regex is displayed at the bottom of the
101 Inputting characters appends them to the regex and continues incremental
102 search. C<BackSpace> removes a character from the regex, C<Up> and C<Down>
103 search upwards/downwards in the scrollback buffer, C<End> jumps to the
104 bottom. C<Escape> leaves search mode and returns to the point where search
105 was started, while C<Enter> or C<Return> stay at the current position and
106 additionally stores the first match in the current line into the primary
109 =item selection-autotransform
111 This selection allows you to do automatic transforms on a selection
112 whenever a selection is made.
114 It works by specifying perl snippets (most useful is a single C<s///>
115 operator) that modify C<$_> as resources:
117 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: transform
118 URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: transform
121 For example, the following will transform selections of the form
122 C<filename:number>, often seen in compiler messages, into C<vi +$filename
125 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^(\\S+):(\\d+):?$/vi +$2 \\Q$1\\E\\x0d/
127 And this example matches the same,but replaces it with vi-commands you can
128 paste directly into your (vi :) editor:
130 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^(S+):(d+):?$/\\x1b:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
134 Uses per-line display filtering (C<on_line_update>) to underline urls and
135 make them clickable. When middle-clicked, the program specified in the
136 resource C<urlLauncher> (default C<x-www-browser>) will be started with
137 the URL as first argument.
139 =item block-graphics-to-ascii
141 A not very useful example of filtering all text output to the terminal,
142 by replacing all line-drawing characters (U+2500 .. U+259F) by a
143 similar-looking ascii character.
147 Displays a digital clock using the built-in overlay.
149 =item example-refresh-hooks
151 Displays a very simple digital clock in the upper right corner of the
152 window. Illustrates overwriting the refresh callbacks to create your own
157 =head1 API DOCUMENTATION
159 =head2 General API Considerations
161 All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical
162 reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you
163 like. All members starting with an underscore (such as C<_ptr> or
164 C<_hook>) are reserved for internal uses and B<MUST NOT> be accessed or
167 When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are
168 emptied, so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and
169 the like inside the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the
170 terminal is destroyed.
172 Argument names also often indicate the type of a parameter. Here are some
173 hints on what they mean:
179 Rxvt-unicodes special way of encoding text, where one "unicode" character
180 always represents one screen cell. See L<ROW_t> for a discussion of this format.
184 A perl text string, with an emphasis on I<text>. It can store all unicode
185 characters and is to be distinguished with text encoded in a specific
186 encoding (often locale-specific) and binary data.
190 Either binary data or - more common - a text string encoded in a
195 =head2 Extension Objects
197 Very perl extension is a perl class. A separate perl object is created
198 for each terminal and each extension and passed as the first parameter to
199 hooks. So extensions can use their C<$self> object without having to think
200 about other extensions, with the exception of methods and members that
201 begin with an underscore character C<_>: these are reserved for internal
204 Although it isn't a C<urxvt::term> object, you can call all methods of the
205 C<urxvt::term> class on this object.
207 It has the following methods and data members:
211 =item $urxvt_term = $self->{term}
213 Returns the C<urxvt::term> object associated with this instance of the
214 extension. This member I<must not> be changed in any way.
216 =item $self->enable ($hook_name => $cb, [$hook_name => $cb..])
218 Dynamically enable the given hooks (named without the C<on_> prefix) for
219 this extension, replacing any previous hook. This is useful when you want
220 to overwrite time-critical hooks only temporarily.
222 =item $self->disable ($hook_name[, $hook_name..])
224 Dynamically disable the given hooks.
230 The following subroutines can be declared in extension files, and will be
231 called whenever the relevant event happens.
233 The first argument passed to them is an extension oject as described in
234 the in the C<Extension Objects> section.
236 B<All> of these hooks must return a boolean value. If it is true, then the
237 event counts as being I<consumed>, and the invocation of other hooks is
238 skipped, and the relevant action might not be carried out by the C++ code.
240 I<< When in doubt, return a false value (preferably C<()>). >>
246 Called after a new terminal object has been initialized, but before
247 windows are created or the command gets run. Most methods are unsafe to
248 call or deliver senseless data, as terminal size and other characteristics
249 have not yet been determined. You can safely query and change resources,
254 Called after the screen is "reset" for any reason, such as resizing or
255 control sequences. Here is where you can react on changes to size-related
260 Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal, just before
261 returning to the mainloop.
263 =item on_sel_make $term, $eventtime
265 Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but before the
266 selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or type of the
267 selection will be honored.
269 Returning a true value aborts selection making by urxvt, in which case you
270 have to make a selection yourself by calling C<< $term->selection_grab >>.
272 =item on_sel_grab $term, $eventtime
274 Called whenever a selection has been copied, but before the selection is
275 requested from the server. The selection text can be queried and changed
276 by calling C<< $term->selection >>.
278 Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be hilighted.
280 =item on_sel_extend $term
282 Called whenever the user tries to extend the selection (e.g. with a double
283 click) and is either supposed to return false (normal operation), or
284 should extend the selection itelf and return true to suppress the built-in
285 processing. This can happen multiple times, as long as the callback
286 returns true, it will be called on every further click by the user and is
287 supposed to enlarge the selection more and more, if possible.
289 See the F<selection> example extension.
291 =item on_view_change $term, $offset
293 Called whenever the view offset changes, i..e the user or program
294 scrolls. Offset C<0> means display the normal terminal, positive values
295 show this many lines of scrollback.
297 =item on_scroll_back $term, $lines, $saved
299 Called whenever lines scroll out of the terminal area into the scrollback
300 buffer. C<$lines> is the number of lines scrolled out and may be larger
301 than the scroll back buffer or the terminal.
303 It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines - 1,
304 $nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). C<$saved> is the total
305 number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.
307 =item on_osc_seq $term, $string
309 Called whenever the B<ESC ] 777 ; string ST> command sequence (OSC =
310 operating system command) is processed. Cursor position and other state
311 information is up-to-date when this happens. For interoperability, the
312 string should start with the extension name and a colon, to distinguish
313 it from commands for other extensions, and this might be enforced in the
316 Be careful not ever to trust (in a security sense) the data you receive,
317 as its source can not easily be controleld (e-mail content, messages from
318 other users on the same system etc.).
320 =item on_add_lines $term, $string
322 Called whenever text is about to be output, with the text as argument. You
323 can filter/change and output the text yourself by returning a true value
324 and calling C<< $term->scr_add_lines >> yourself. Please note that this
325 might be very slow, however, as your hook is called for B<all> text being
328 =item on_tt_write $term, $octets
330 Called whenever some data is written to the tty/pty and can be used to
331 suppress or filter tty input.
333 =item on_line_update $term, $row
335 Called whenever a line was updated or changed. Can be used to filter
336 screen output (e.g. underline urls or other useless stuff). Only lines
337 that are being shown will be filtered, and, due to performance reasons,
338 not always immediately.
340 The row number is always the topmost row of the line if the line spans
343 Please note that, if you change the line, then the hook might get called
344 later with the already-modified line (e.g. if unrelated parts change), so
345 you cannot just toggle rendition bits, but only set them.
347 =item on_refresh_begin $term
349 Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for overlay
350 or similar effects by modify terminal contents in refresh_begin, and
351 restoring them in refresh_end. The built-in overlay and selection display
352 code is run after this hook, and takes precedence.
354 =item on_refresh_end $term
356 Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See C<on_refresh_begin>.
358 =item on_keyboard_command $term, $string
360 Called whenever the user presses a key combination that has a
361 C<perl:string> action bound to it (see description of the B<keysym>
362 resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage).
364 =item on_focus_in $term
366 Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode
367 does focus in processing.
369 =item on_focus_out $term
371 Called wheneever the window loses keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode does
372 focus out processing.
374 =item on_key_press $term, $event, $keysym, $octets
376 =item on_key_release $term, $event, $keysym
378 =item on_button_press $term, $event
380 =item on_button_release $term, $event
382 =item on_motion_notify $term, $event
384 =item on_map_notify $term, $event
386 =item on_unmap_notify $term, $event
388 Called whenever the corresponding X event is received for the terminal If
389 the hook returns true, then the even will be ignored by rxvt-unicode.
391 The event is a hash with most values as named by Xlib (see the XEvent
392 manpage), with the additional members C<row> and C<col>, which are the row
393 and column under the mouse cursor.
395 C<on_key_press> additionally receives the string rxvt-unicode would
396 output, if any, in locale-specific encoding.
415 our %HOOKTYPE = map +($HOOKNAME[$_] => $_), 0..$#HOOKNAME;
423 =head2 Variables in the C<urxvt> Package
429 The rxvt-unicode library directory, where, among other things, the perl
430 modules and scripts are stored.
432 =item $urxvt::RESCLASS, $urxvt::RESCLASS
434 The resource class and name rxvt-unicode uses to look up X resources.
436 =item $urxvt::RXVTNAME
438 The basename of the installed binaries, usually C<urxvt>.
442 The current terminal. This variable stores the current C<urxvt::term>
443 object, whenever a callback/hook is executing.
447 =head2 Functions in the C<urxvt> Package
451 =item urxvt::fatal $errormessage
453 Fatally aborts execution with the given error message. Avoid at all
454 costs! The only time this is acceptable is when the terminal process
457 =item urxvt::warn $string
459 Calls C<rxvt_warn> with the given string which should not include a
460 newline. The module also overwrites the C<warn> builtin with a function
461 that calls this function.
463 Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the
464 correct place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.
466 Messages have a size limit of 1023 bytes currently.
468 =item $is_safe = urxvt::safe
470 Returns true when it is safe to do potentially unsafe things, such as
471 evaluating perl code specified by the user. This is true when urxvt was
472 started setuid or setgid.
474 =item $time = urxvt::NOW
476 Returns the "current time" (as per the event loop).
478 =item urxvt::CurrentTime
480 =item urxvt::ShiftMask, LockMask, ControlMask, Mod1Mask, Mod2Mask,
481 Mod3Mask, Mod4Mask, Mod5Mask, Button1Mask, Button2Mask, Button3Mask,
482 Button4Mask, Button5Mask, AnyModifier
484 Various constants for use in X calls and event processing.
490 Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font styles and
491 similar information for each screen cell.
493 The following "macros" deal with changes in rendition sets. You should
494 never just create a bitset, you should always modify an existing one,
495 as they contain important information required for correct operation of
500 =item $rend = urxvt::DEFAULT_RSTYLE
502 Returns the default rendition, as used when the terminal is starting up or
503 being reset. Useful as a base to start when creating renditions.
505 =item $rend = urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE
507 Return the rendition mask used for overlays by default.
509 =item $rendbit = urxvt::RS_Bold, RS_Italic, RS_Blink, RS_RVid, RS_Uline
511 Return the bit that enabled bold, italic, blink, reverse-video and
512 underline, respectively. To enable such a style, just logically OR it into
515 =item $foreground = urxvt::GET_BASEFG $rend
517 =item $background = urxvt::GET_BASEBG $rend
519 Return the foreground/background colour index, respectively.
521 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_FGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
523 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_BGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
525 Replace the foreground/background colour in the rendition mask with the
528 =item $value = urxvt::GET_CUSTOM $rend
530 Return the "custom" value: Every rendition has 5 bits for use by
531 extensions. They can be set and changed as you like and are initially
534 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_CUSTOM $rend, $new_value
536 Change the custom value.
545 # overwrite perl's warn
546 *CORE::GLOBAL::warn = sub {
547 my $msg = join "", @_;
549 unless $msg =~ /\n$/;
553 # %ENV is the original startup environment
556 delete $ENV{BASH_ENV};
557 $ENV{PATH} = "/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/opt/bin:/opt/sbin";
561 my $verbosity = $ENV{URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY};
564 my ($level, $msg) = @_;
565 warn "$msg\n" if $level <= $verbosity;
568 my $extension_pkg = "extension0000";
571 # load a single script into its own package, once only
572 sub extension_package($) {
575 $extension_pkg{$path} ||= do {
576 my $pkg = "urxvt::" . ($extension_pkg++);
578 verbose 3, "loading extension '$path' into package '$pkg'";
580 open my $fh, "<:raw", $path
584 "package $pkg; use strict; use utf8;\n"
585 . "use base urxvt::term::extension::;\n"
586 . "#line 1 \"$path\"\n{\n"
587 . (do { local $/; <$fh> })
597 our $retval; # return value for urxvt
599 # called by the rxvt core
604 if ($htype == 0) { # INIT
605 my @dirs = ((split /:/, $TERM->resource ("perl_lib")), "$LIBDIR/perl");
609 for (map { split /,/, $TERM->resource ("perl_ext_$_") } 1, 2) {
610 if ($_ eq "default") {
611 $ext_arg{$_} ||= [] for qw(selection option-popup selection-popup searchable-scrollback);
612 } elsif (/^-(.*)$/) {
614 } elsif (/^([^<]+)<(.*)>$/) {
615 push @{ $ext_arg{$1} }, $2;
621 while (my ($ext, $argv) = each %ext_arg) {
622 my @files = grep -f $_, map "$_/$ext", @dirs;
625 $TERM->register_package (extension_package $files[0], $argv);
627 warn "perl extension '$ext' not found in perl library search path\n";
631 eval "#line 1 \"--perl-eval resource/argument\"\n" . $TERM->resource ("perl_eval");
637 if (my $cb = $TERM->{_hook}[$htype]) {
638 verbose 10, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] (" . (join ", ", $TERM, @_) . ")"
643 while (my ($pkg, $cb) = each %$cb) {
644 $retval = eval { $cb->($TERM->{_pkg}{$pkg}, @_) }
648 $TERM->ungrab; # better to lose the grab than the session
653 verbose 11, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] returning <$retval>"
657 if ($htype == 1) { # DESTROY
658 if (my $hook = delete $TERM->{_hook}) {
659 for my $htype (0..$#$hook) {
660 $hook_count[$htype] -= scalar keys %{ $hook->[$htype] || {} }
661 or set_should_invoke $htype, 0;
665 # clear package objects
666 %$_ = () for values %{ $TERM->{_pkg} };
679 if !defined $pid or $pid;
681 %ENV = %{ $TERM->env };
687 # urxvt::term::extension
689 package urxvt::term::extension;
692 my ($self, %hook) = @_;
693 my $pkg = $self->{_pkg};
695 while (my ($name, $cb) = each %hook) {
696 my $htype = $HOOKTYPE{uc $name};
698 or Carp::croak "unsupported hook type '$name'";
700 unless (exists $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg}) {
701 $hook_count[$htype]++
702 or urxvt::set_should_invoke $htype, 1;
705 $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg} = $cb;
710 my ($self, @hook) = @_;
711 my $pkg = $self->{_pkg};
713 for my $name (@hook) {
714 my $htype = $HOOKTYPE{uc $name};
716 or Carp::croak "unsupported hook type '$name'";
718 if (delete $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg}) {
719 --$hook_count[$htype]
720 or urxvt::set_should_invoke $htype, 0;
728 $AUTOLOAD =~ /:([^:]+)$/
729 or die "FATAL: \$AUTOLOAD '$AUTOLOAD' unparsable";
734 \$proxy->{term}->$1 (\@_)
737 } or die "FATAL: unable to compile method forwarder: $@";
746 # urxvt::destroy_hook
748 sub urxvt::destroy_hook::DESTROY {
752 sub urxvt::destroy_hook(&) {
753 bless \shift, urxvt::destroy_hook::
756 package urxvt::anyevent;
758 =head2 The C<urxvt::anyevent> Class
760 The sole purpose of this class is to deliver an interface to the
761 C<AnyEvent> module - any module using it will work inside urxvt without
762 further programming. The only exception is that you cannot wait on
763 condition variables, but non-blocking condvar use is ok. What this means
764 is that you cannot use blocking APIs, but the non-blocking variant should
771 $INC{"urxvt/anyevent.pm"} = 1; # mark us as there
772 push @AnyEvent::REGISTRY, [urxvt => urxvt::anyevent::];
775 my ($class, %arg) = @_;
781 ->start (urxvt::NOW + $arg{after})
783 $_[0]->stop; # need to cancel manually
789 my ($class, %arg) = @_;
793 bless [$arg{fh}, urxvt::iow
795 ->fd (fileno $arg{fh})
796 ->events (($arg{poll} =~ /r/ ? 1 : 0)
797 | ($arg{poll} =~ /w/ ? 2 : 0))
800 $cb->(($_[1] & 1 ? 'r' : '')
801 . ($_[1] & 2 ? 'w' : ''));
811 bless \my $flag, urxvt::anyevent::condvar::
814 sub urxvt::anyevent::condvar::broadcast {
818 sub urxvt::anyevent::condvar::wait {
820 Carp::croak "AnyEvent->condvar blocking wait unsupported in urxvt, use a non-blocking API";
826 =head2 The C<urxvt::term> Class
832 # find on_xxx subs in the package and register them
834 sub register_package {
835 my ($self, $pkg, $argv) = @_;
841 Scalar::Util::weaken ($proxy->{term} = $self);
843 $self->{_pkg}{$pkg} = $proxy;
845 for my $name (@HOOKNAME) {
846 if (my $ref = $pkg->can ("on_" . lc $name)) {
847 $proxy->enable ($name => $ref);
852 =item $term = new urxvt::term $envhashref, $rxvtname, [arg...]
854 Creates a new terminal, very similar as if you had started it with system
855 C<$rxvtname, arg...>. C<$envhashref> must be a reference to a C<%ENV>-like
856 hash which defines the environment of the new terminal.
858 Croaks (and probably outputs an error message) if the new instance
859 couldn't be created. Returns C<undef> if the new instance didn't
860 initialise perl, and the terminal object otherwise. The C<init> and
861 C<start> hooks will be called during this call.
866 my ($class, $env, @args) = @_;
868 _new ([ map "$_=$env->{$_}", keys %$env ], @args);
873 Destroy the terminal object (close the window, free resources
874 etc.). Please note that @@RXVT_NAME@@ will not exit as long as any event
875 watchers (timers, io watchers) are still active.
877 =item $isset = $term->option ($optval[, $set])
879 Returns true if the option specified by C<$optval> is enabled, and
880 optionally change it. All option values are stored by name in the hash
881 C<%urxvt::OPTION>. Options not enabled in this binary are not in the hash.
883 Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of option names, please see the
884 source file F</src/optinc.h> to see the actual list:
886 borderLess console cursorBlink cursorUnderline hold iconic insecure
887 intensityStyles jumpScroll loginShell mapAlert meta8 mouseWheelScrollPage
888 pastableTabs pointerBlank reverseVideo scrollBar scrollBar_floating
889 scrollBar_right scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput scrollWithBuffer
890 secondaryScreen secondaryScroll skipBuiltinGlyphs transparent
891 tripleclickwords utmpInhibit visualBell
893 =item $value = $term->resource ($name[, $newval])
895 Returns the current resource value associated with a given name and
896 optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the C<init>
897 hook. Unset resources are returned and accepted as C<undef>.
899 The new value must be properly encoded to a suitable character encoding
900 before passing it to this method. Similarly, the returned value may need
901 to be converted from the used encoding to text.
903 Resource names are as defined in F<src/rsinc.h>. Colours can be specified
904 as resource names of the form C<< color+<index> >>, e.g. C<color+5>. (will
907 Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when the
908 terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat memory.
910 Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of which
911 are supported in every build, please see the source file F</src/rsinc.h>
912 to see the actual list:
914 answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key boldFont boldItalicFont
915 borderLess color cursorBlink cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key
916 display_name embed ext_bwidth fade font geometry hold iconName
917 imFont imLocale inputMethod insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles
918 italicFont jumpScroll lineSpace loginShell mapAlert menu meta8 modifier
919 mouseWheelScrollPage name pastableTabs path perl_eval perl_ext_1 perl_ext_2
920 perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay preeditType print_pipe pty_fd
921 reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating
922 scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput
923 scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle secondaryScreen secondaryScroll selectstyle
924 shade term_name title transparent transparent_all tripleclickwords
925 utmpInhibit visualBell
930 my ($self, $name) = (shift, shift);
931 unshift @_, $self, $name, ($name =~ s/\s*\+\s*(\d+)$// ? $1 : 0);
932 &urxvt::term::_resource
935 =item $value = $term->x_resource ($pattern)
937 Returns the X-Resource for the given pattern, excluding the program or
938 class name, i.e. C<< $term->x_resource ("boldFont") >> should return the
939 same value as used by this instance of rxvt-unicode. Returns C<undef> if no
940 resource with that pattern exists.
942 This method should only be called during the C<on_start> hook, as there is
943 only one resource database per display, and later invocations might return
946 =item $success = $term->parse_keysym ($keysym_spec, $command_string)
948 Adds a keymap translation exactly as specified via a resource. See the
949 C<keysym> resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage.
951 =item $rend = $term->rstyle ([$new_rstyle])
953 Return and optionally change the current rendition. Text that is output by
954 the terminal application will use this style.
956 =item ($row, $col) = $term->screen_cur ([$row, $col])
958 Return the current coordinates of the text cursor position and optionally
959 set it (which is usually bad as applications don't expect that).
961 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_mark ([$row, $col])
963 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_beg ([$row, $col])
965 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_end ([$row, $col])
967 Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or end positions,
968 and optionally set them to new values.
970 =item $term->selection_make ($eventtime[, $rectangular])
972 Tries to make a selection as set by C<selection_beg> and
973 C<selection_end>. If C<$rectangular> is true (default: false), a
974 rectangular selection will be made. This is the prefered function to make
977 =item $success = $term->selection_grab ($eventtime)
979 Try to request the primary selection text from the server (for example, as
980 set by the next method). No visual feedback will be given. This function
981 is mostly useful from within C<on_sel_grab> hooks.
983 =item $oldtext = $term->selection ([$newtext])
985 Return the current selection text and optionally replace it by C<$newtext>.
987 =item $term->overlay_simple ($x, $y, $text)
989 Create a simple multi-line overlay box. See the next method for details.
994 my ($self, $x, $y, $text) = @_;
996 my @lines = split /\n/, $text;
998 my $w = List::Util::max map $self->strwidth ($_), @lines;
1000 my $overlay = $self->overlay ($x, $y, $w, scalar @lines);
1001 $overlay->set (0, $_, $lines[$_]) for 0.. $#lines;
1006 =item $term->overlay ($x, $y, $width, $height[, $rstyle[, $border]])
1008 Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the given
1009 width/height. C<$rstyle> defines the initial rendition style
1010 (default: C<OVERLAY_RSTYLE>).
1012 If C<$border> is C<2> (default), then a decorative border will be put
1015 If either C<$x> or C<$y> is negative, then this is counted from the
1016 right/bottom side, respectively.
1018 This method returns an urxvt::overlay object. The overlay will be visible
1019 as long as the perl object is referenced.
1021 The methods currently supported on C<urxvt::overlay> objects are:
1025 =item $overlay->set ($x, $y, $text, $rend)
1027 Similar to C<< $term->ROW_t >> and C<< $term->ROW_r >> in that it puts
1028 text in rxvt-unicode's special encoding and an array of rendition values
1029 at a specific position inside the overlay.
1031 =item $overlay->hide
1033 If visible, hide the overlay, but do not destroy it.
1035 =item $overlay->show
1037 If hidden, display the overlay again.
1041 =item $popup = $term->popup ($event)
1043 Creates a new C<urxvt::popup> object that implements a popup menu. The
1044 C<$event> I<must> be the event causing the menu to pop up (a button event,
1050 my ($self, $event) = @_;
1052 $self->grab ($event->{time}, 1)
1060 Scalar::Util::weaken $popup->{term};
1062 $self->{_destroy}{$popup} = urxvt::destroy_hook { $popup->{popup}->destroy };
1063 Scalar::Util::weaken $self->{_destroy}{$popup};
1068 =item $cellwidth = $term->strwidth ($string)
1070 Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need. Correctly
1071 accounts for wide and combining characters.
1073 =item $octets = $term->locale_encode ($string)
1075 Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale encoding.
1077 =item $string = $term->locale_decode ($octets)
1079 Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.
1081 =item $term->scr_xor_span ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle])
1083 XORs the rendition values in the given span with the provided value
1084 (default: C<RS_RVid>), which I<MUST NOT> contain font styles. Useful in
1085 refresh hooks to provide effects similar to the selection.
1087 =item $term->scr_xor_rect ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle1[, $rstyle2]])
1089 Similar to C<scr_xor_span>, but xors a rectangle instead. Trailing
1090 whitespace will additionally be xored with the C<$rstyle2>, which defaults
1091 to C<RS_RVid | RS_Uline>, which removes reverse video again and underlines
1092 it instead. Both styles I<MUST NOT> contain font styles.
1094 =item $term->scr_bell
1098 =item $term->scr_add_lines ($string)
1100 Write the given text string to the screen, as if output by the application
1101 running inside the terminal. It may not contain command sequences (escape
1102 codes), but is free to use line feeds, carriage returns and tabs. The
1103 string is a normal text string, not in locale-dependent encoding.
1105 Normally its not a good idea to use this function, as programs might be
1106 confused by changes in cursor position or scrolling. Its useful inside a
1107 C<on_add_lines> hook, though.
1109 =item $term->cmd_parse ($octets)
1111 Similar to C<scr_add_lines>, but the argument must be in the
1112 locale-specific encoding of the terminal and can contain command sequences
1113 (escape codes) that will be interpreted.
1115 =item $term->tt_write ($octets)
1117 Write the octets given in C<$data> to the tty (i.e. as program input). To
1118 pass characters instead of octets, you should convert your strings first
1119 to the locale-specific encoding using C<< $term->locale_encode >>.
1121 =item $old_events = $term->pty_ev_events ([$new_events])
1123 Replaces the event mask of the pty watcher by the given event mask. Can
1124 be used to suppress input and output handling to the pty/tty. See the
1125 description of C<< urxvt::timer->events >>. Make sure to always restore
1128 =item $windowid = $term->parent
1130 Return the window id of the toplevel window.
1132 =item $windowid = $term->vt
1134 Return the window id of the terminal window.
1136 =item $window_width = $term->width
1138 =item $window_height = $term->height
1140 =item $font_width = $term->fwidth
1142 =item $font_height = $term->fheight
1144 =item $font_ascent = $term->fbase
1146 =item $terminal_rows = $term->nrow
1148 =item $terminal_columns = $term->ncol
1150 =item $has_focus = $term->focus
1152 =item $is_mapped = $term->mapped
1154 =item $max_scrollback = $term->saveLines
1156 =item $nrow_plus_saveLines = $term->total_rows
1158 =item $lines_in_scrollback = $term->nsaved
1160 Return various integers describing terminal characteristics.
1162 =item $x_display = $term->display_id
1164 Return the DISPLAY used by rxvt-unicode.
1166 =item $lc_ctype = $term->locale
1168 Returns the LC_CTYPE category string used by this rxvt-unicode.
1170 =item $env = $term->env
1172 Returns a copy of the environment in effect for the terminal as a hashref
1173 similar to C<\%ENV>.
1178 if (my $env = $_[0]->_env) {
1179 +{ map /^([^=]+)(?:=(.*))?$/s && ($1 => $2), @$env }
1185 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModLevel3Mask
1187 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModMetaMask
1189 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModNumLockMask
1191 Return the modifier masks corresponding to the "ISO Level 3 Shift" (often
1192 AltGr), the meta key (often Alt) and the num lock key, if applicable.
1194 =item $view_start = $term->view_start ([$newvalue])
1196 Returns the negative row number of the topmost line. Minimum value is
1197 C<0>, which displays the normal terminal contents. Larger values scroll
1198 this many lines into the scrollback buffer.
1200 =item $term->want_refresh
1202 Requests a screen refresh. At the next opportunity, rxvt-unicode will
1203 compare the on-screen display with its stored representation. If they
1204 differ, it redraws the differences.
1206 Used after changing terminal contents to display them.
1208 =item $text = $term->ROW_t ($row_number[, $new_text[, $start_col]])
1210 Returns the text of the entire row with number C<$row_number>. Row C<0>
1211 is the topmost terminal line, row C<< $term->$ncol-1 >> is the bottommost
1212 terminal line. The scrollback buffer starts at line C<-1> and extends to
1213 line C<< -$term->nsaved >>. Nothing will be returned if a nonexistent line
1216 If C<$new_text> is specified, it will replace characters in the current
1217 line, starting at column C<$start_col> (default C<0>), which is useful
1218 to replace only parts of a line. The font index in the rendition will
1219 automatically be updated.
1221 C<$text> is in a special encoding: tabs and wide characters that use more
1222 than one cell when displayed are padded with urxvt::NOCHAR characters
1223 (C<chr 65535>). Characters with combining characters and other characters
1224 that do not fit into the normal tetx encoding will be replaced with
1225 characters in the private use area.
1227 You have to obey this encoding when changing text. The advantage is
1228 that C<substr> and similar functions work on screen cells and not on
1231 The methods C<< $term->special_encode >> and C<< $term->special_decode >>
1232 can be used to convert normal strings into this encoding and vice versa.
1234 =item $rend = $term->ROW_r ($row_number[, $new_rend[, $start_col]])
1236 Like C<< $term->ROW_t >>, but returns an arrayref with rendition
1237 bitsets. Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font
1238 styles and similar information. See also C<< $term->ROW_t >>.
1240 When setting rendition, the font mask will be ignored.
1242 See the section on RENDITION, above.
1244 =item $length = $term->ROW_l ($row_number[, $new_length])
1246 Returns the number of screen cells that are in use ("the line
1247 length"). Unlike the urxvt core, this returns C<< $term->ncol >> if the
1248 line is joined with the following one.
1250 =item $bool = $term->is_longer ($row_number)
1252 Returns true if the row is part of a multiple-row logical "line" (i.e.
1253 joined with the following row), which means all characters are in use
1254 and it is continued on the next row (and possibly a continuation of the
1257 =item $line = $term->line ($row_number)
1259 Create and return a new C<urxvt::line> object that stores information
1260 about the logical line that row C<$row_number> is part of. It supports the
1265 =item $text = $line->t ([$new_text])
1267 Returns or replaces the full text of the line, similar to C<ROW_t>
1269 =item $rend = $line->r ([$new_rend])
1271 Returns or replaces the full rendition array of the line, similar to C<ROW_r>
1273 =item $length = $line->l
1275 Returns the length of the line in cells, similar to C<ROW_l>.
1277 =item $rownum = $line->beg
1279 =item $rownum = $line->end
1281 Return the row number of the first/last row of the line, respectively.
1283 =item $offset = $line->offset_of ($row, $col)
1285 Returns the character offset of the given row|col pair within the logical
1286 line. Works for rows outside the line, too, and returns corresponding
1287 offsets outside the string.
1289 =item ($row, $col) = $line->coord_of ($offset)
1291 Translates a string offset into terminal coordinates again.
1298 my ($self, $row) = @_;
1300 my $maxrow = $self->nrow - 1;
1302 my ($beg, $end) = ($row, $row);
1304 --$beg while $self->ROW_is_longer ($beg - 1);
1305 ++$end while $self->ROW_is_longer ($end) && $end < $maxrow;
1311 ncol => $self->ncol,
1312 len => ($end - $beg) * $self->ncol + $self->ROW_l ($end),
1316 sub urxvt::line::t {
1321 $self->{term}->ROW_t ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
1322 for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
1325 defined wantarray &&
1326 substr +(join "", map $self->{term}->ROW_t ($_), $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}),
1330 sub urxvt::line::r {
1335 $self->{term}->ROW_r ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
1336 for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
1339 if (defined wantarray) {
1341 map @{ $self->{term}->ROW_r ($_) }, $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}
1343 $#$rend = $self->{len} - 1;
1350 sub urxvt::line::beg { $_[0]{beg} }
1351 sub urxvt::line::end { $_[0]{end} }
1352 sub urxvt::line::l { $_[0]{len} }
1354 sub urxvt::line::offset_of {
1355 my ($self, $row, $col) = @_;
1357 ($row - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol} + $col
1360 sub urxvt::line::coord_of {
1361 my ($self, $offset) = @_;
1366 $offset / $self->{ncol} + $self->{beg},
1367 $offset % $self->{ncol}
1371 =item $text = $term->special_encode $string
1373 Converts a perl string into the special encoding used by rxvt-unicode,
1374 where one character corresponds to one screen cell. See
1375 C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
1377 =item $string = $term->special_decode $text
1379 Converts rxvt-unicodes text reprsentation into a perl string. See
1380 C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
1382 =item $success = $term->grab_button ($button, $modifiermask)
1384 Registers a synchronous button grab. See the XGrabButton manpage.
1386 =item $success = $term->grab ($eventtime[, $sync])
1388 Calls XGrabPointer and XGrabKeyboard in asynchronous (default) or
1389 synchronous (C<$sync> is true). Also remembers the grab timestampe.
1391 =item $term->allow_events_async
1393 Calls XAllowEvents with AsyncBoth for the most recent grab.
1395 =item $term->allow_events_sync
1397 Calls XAllowEvents with SyncBoth for the most recent grab.
1399 =item $term->allow_events_replay
1401 Calls XAllowEvents with both ReplayPointer and ReplayKeyboard for the most
1406 Calls XUngrab for the most recent grab. Is called automatically on
1407 evaluation errors, as it is better to lose the grab in the error case as
1414 package urxvt::popup;
1416 =head2 The C<urxvt::popup> Class
1423 my ($self, $item) = @_;
1425 $item->{rend}{normal} = "\x1b[0;30;47m" unless exists $item->{rend}{normal};
1426 $item->{rend}{hover} = "\x1b[0;30;46m" unless exists $item->{rend}{hover};
1427 $item->{rend}{active} = "\x1b[m" unless exists $item->{rend}{active};
1429 $item->{render} ||= sub { $_[0]{text} };
1431 push @{ $self->{item} }, $item;
1434 =item $popup->add_title ($title)
1436 Adds a non-clickable title to the popup.
1441 my ($self, $title) = @_;
1444 rend => { normal => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m", hover => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m", active => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m" },
1446 activate => sub { },
1450 =item $popup->add_separator ([$sepchr])
1452 Creates a separator, optionally using the character given as C<$sepchr>.
1457 my ($self, $sep) = @_;
1462 rend => { normal => "\x1b[0;30;47m", hover => "\x1b[0;30;47m", active => "\x1b[0;30;47m" },
1464 render => sub { $sep x $self->{term}->ncol },
1465 activate => sub { },
1469 =item $popup->add_button ($text, $cb)
1471 Adds a clickable button to the popup. C<$cb> is called whenever it is
1477 my ($self, $text, $cb) = @_;
1479 $self->add_item ({ type => "button", text => $text, activate => $cb});
1482 =item $popup->add_toggle ($text, $cb, $initial_value)
1484 Adds a toggle/checkbox item to the popup. Teh callback gets called
1485 whenever it gets toggled, with a boolean indicating its value as its first
1491 my ($self, $text, $cb, $value) = @_;
1497 render => sub { ($_[0]{value} ? "* " : " ") . $text },
1498 activate => sub { $cb->($_[1]{value} = !$_[1]{value}); },
1501 $self->add_item ($item);
1506 Displays the popup (which is initially hidden).
1513 local $urxvt::popup::self = $self;
1515 my $env = $self->{term}->env;
1516 # we can't hope to reproduce the locale algorithm, so nuke LC_ALL and set LC_CTYPE.
1517 delete $env->{LC_ALL};
1518 $env->{LC_CTYPE} = $self->{term}->locale;
1520 urxvt::term->new ($env, $self->{term}->resource ("name"),
1521 "--perl-lib" => "", "--perl-ext-common" => "", "-pty-fd" => -1, "-sl" => 0, "-b" => 0,
1522 "--transient-for" => $self->{term}->parent,
1523 "-display" => $self->{term}->display_id,
1524 "-pe" => "urxvt-popup")
1525 or die "unable to create popup window\n";
1531 delete $self->{term}{_destroy}{$self};
1532 $self->{term}->ungrab;
1537 =head2 The C<urxvt::timer> Class
1539 This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a
1540 fractional number of seconds since the epoch. Example:
1542 $term->{overlay} = $term->overlay (-1, 0, 8, 1, urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE, 0);
1543 $term->{timer} = urxvt::timer
1547 $term->{overlay}->set (0, 0,
1548 sprintf "%2d:%02d:%02d", (localtime urxvt::NOW)[2,1,0]);
1553 =item $timer = new urxvt::timer
1555 Create a new timer object in started state. It is scheduled to fire
1558 =item $timer = $timer->cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })
1560 Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
1562 =item $tstamp = $timer->at
1564 Return the time this watcher will fire next.
1566 =item $timer = $timer->set ($tstamp)
1568 Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp.
1570 =item $timer = $timer->interval ($interval)
1572 Normally (and when C<$interval> is C<0>), the timer will automatically
1573 stop after it has fired once. If C<$interval> is non-zero, then the timer
1574 is automatically rescheduled at the given intervals.
1576 =item $timer = $timer->start
1580 =item $timer = $timer->start ($tstamp)
1582 Set the event trigger time to C<$tstamp> and start the timer.
1584 =item $timer = $timer->stop
1590 =head2 The C<urxvt::iow> Class
1592 This class implements io watchers/events. Example:
1594 $term->{socket} = ...
1595 $term->{iow} = urxvt::iow
1597 ->fd (fileno $term->{socket})
1598 ->events (urxvt::EVENT_READ)
1601 my ($iow, $revents) = @_;
1602 # $revents must be 1 here, no need to check
1603 sysread $term->{socket}, my $buf, 8192
1610 =item $iow = new urxvt::iow
1612 Create a new io watcher object in stopped state.
1614 =item $iow = $iow->cb (sub { my ($iow, $reventmask) = @_; ... })
1616 Set the callback to be called when io events are triggered. C<$reventmask>
1617 is a bitset as described in the C<events> method.
1619 =item $iow = $iow->fd ($fd)
1621 Set the filedescriptor (not handle) to watch.
1623 =item $iow = $iow->events ($eventmask)
1625 Set the event mask to watch. The only allowed values are
1626 C<urxvt::EVENT_READ> and C<urxvt::EVENT_WRITE>, which might be ORed
1627 together, or C<urxvt::EVENT_NONE>.
1629 =item $iow = $iow->start
1631 Start watching for requested events on the given handle.
1633 =item $iow = $iow->stop
1635 Stop watching for events on the given filehandle.
1641 =head2 URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY
1643 This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher
1644 numbers indicate more verbose output.
1648 =item == 0 - fatal messages
1650 =item >= 3 - script loading and management
1652 =item >=10 - all called hooks
1654 =item >=11 - hook reutrn values
1660 Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>
1661 http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/rxvt-unicode