5 @@RXVT_NAME@@perl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter
9 # create a file grab_test in $HOME:
12 warn "you selected ", $_[0]->selection;
16 # start a @@RXVT_NAME@@ using it:
18 @@RXVT_NAME@@ --perl-lib $HOME -pe grab_test
22 Everytime a terminal object gets created, extension scripts specified via
23 the C<perl> resource are loaded and associated with it.
25 Scripts are compiled in a 'use strict' and 'use utf8' environment, and
26 thus must be encoded as UTF-8.
28 Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in @@RXVT_NAME@@d, where
29 scripts will be shared (but not enabled) for all terminals.
31 =head1 PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS
33 This section describes the extensions delivered with this release. You can
34 find them in F<@@RXVT_LIBDIR@@/urxvt/perl/>.
36 You can activate them like this:
38 @@RXVT_NAME@@ -pe <extensionname>
42 =item selection (enabled by default)
44 (More) intelligent selection. This extension tries to be more intelligent
45 when the user extends selections (double-click and further clicks). Right
46 now, it tries to select words, urls and complete shell-quoted
47 arguments, which is very convenient, too, if your F<ls> supports
48 C<--quoting-style=shell>.
50 A double-click usually selects the word under the cursor, further clicks
51 will enlarge the selection.
53 The selection works by trying to match a number of regexes and displaying
54 them in increasing order of length. You can add your own regexes by
55 specifying resources of the form:
57 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: perl-regex
58 URxvt.selection.pattern-1: perl-regex
61 The index number (0, 1...) must not have any holes, and each regex must
62 contain at least one pair of capturing parentheses, which will be used for
63 the match. For example, the followign adds a regex that matches everything
64 between two vertical bars:
66 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: \\|([^|]+)\\|
68 You can look at the source of the selection extension to see more
69 interesting uses, such as parsing a line from beginning to end.
71 This extension also offers the following bindable keyboard command:
77 Rot-13 the selection when activated. Used via keyboard trigger:
79 URxvt.keysym.C-M-r: perl:selection:rot13
83 =item option-popup (enabled by default)
85 Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button2 that lets you toggle (some) options at
88 =item selection-popup (enabled by default)
90 Binds a popup menu to Ctrl-Button3 that lets you convert the selection
91 text into various other formats/action (such as uri unescaping, perl
92 evalution, web-browser starting etc.), depending on content.
94 =item searchable-scrollback<hotkey> (enabled by default)
96 Adds regex search functionality to the scrollback buffer, triggered
97 by a hotkey (default: C<M-s>). While in search mode, normal terminal
98 input/output is suspended and a regex is displayed at the bottom of the
101 Inputting characters appends them to the regex and continues incremental
102 search. C<BackSpace> removes a character from the regex, C<Up> and C<Down>
103 search upwards/downwards in the scrollback buffer, C<End> jumps to the
104 bottom. C<Escape> leaves search mode and returns to the point where search
105 was started, while C<Enter> or C<Return> stay at the current position and
106 additionally stores the first match in the current line into the primary
109 =item selection-autotransform
111 This selection allows you to do automatic transforms on a selection
112 whenever a selection is made.
114 It works by specifying perl snippets (most useful is a single C<s///>
115 operator) that modify C<$_> as resources:
117 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: transform
118 URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: transform
121 For example, the following will transform selections of the form
122 C<filename:number>, often seen in compiler messages, into C<vi +$filename
125 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^(\\S+):(\\d+):?$/vi +$2 \\Q$1\\E\\x0d/
127 And this example matches the same,but replaces it with vi-commands you can
128 paste directly into your (vi :) editor:
130 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^(S+):(d+):?$/\\x1b:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
132 Of course, this can be modified to suit your needs and your editor :)
134 To expand the example above to typical perl error messages ("XXX at
135 FILENAME line YYY."), you need a slightly more elaborate solution:
137 URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+\\.)
138 URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)\\.$/\x1b:e \\Q$1\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/
140 The first line tells the selection code to treat the unchanging part of
141 every error message as a selection pattern, and the second line transforms
142 the message into vi commands to load the file.
146 Uses per-line display filtering (C<on_line_update>) to underline urls and
147 make them clickable. When middle-clicked, the program specified in the
148 resource C<urlLauncher> (default C<x-www-browser>) will be started with
149 the URL as first argument.
151 =item block-graphics-to-ascii
153 A not very useful example of filtering all text output to the terminal,
154 by replacing all line-drawing characters (U+2500 .. U+259F) by a
155 similar-looking ascii character.
159 Displays a digital clock using the built-in overlay.
161 =item example-refresh-hooks
163 Displays a very simple digital clock in the upper right corner of the
164 window. Illustrates overwriting the refresh callbacks to create your own
169 =head1 API DOCUMENTATION
171 =head2 General API Considerations
173 All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical
174 reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you
175 like. All members starting with an underscore (such as C<_ptr> or
176 C<_hook>) are reserved for internal uses and B<MUST NOT> be accessed or
179 When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are
180 emptied, so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and
181 the like inside the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the
182 terminal is destroyed.
184 Argument names also often indicate the type of a parameter. Here are some
185 hints on what they mean:
191 Rxvt-unicodes special way of encoding text, where one "unicode" character
192 always represents one screen cell. See L<ROW_t> for a discussion of this format.
196 A perl text string, with an emphasis on I<text>. It can store all unicode
197 characters and is to be distinguished with text encoded in a specific
198 encoding (often locale-specific) and binary data.
202 Either binary data or - more common - a text string encoded in a
207 =head2 Extension Objects
209 Very perl extension is a perl class. A separate perl object is created
210 for each terminal and each extension and passed as the first parameter to
211 hooks. So extensions can use their C<$self> object without having to think
212 about other extensions, with the exception of methods and members that
213 begin with an underscore character C<_>: these are reserved for internal
216 Although it isn't a C<urxvt::term> object, you can call all methods of the
217 C<urxvt::term> class on this object.
219 It has the following methods and data members:
223 =item $urxvt_term = $self->{term}
225 Returns the C<urxvt::term> object associated with this instance of the
226 extension. This member I<must not> be changed in any way.
228 =item $self->enable ($hook_name => $cb, [$hook_name => $cb..])
230 Dynamically enable the given hooks (named without the C<on_> prefix) for
231 this extension, replacing any previous hook. This is useful when you want
232 to overwrite time-critical hooks only temporarily.
234 =item $self->disable ($hook_name[, $hook_name..])
236 Dynamically disable the given hooks.
242 The following subroutines can be declared in extension files, and will be
243 called whenever the relevant event happens.
245 The first argument passed to them is an extension oject as described in
246 the in the C<Extension Objects> section.
248 B<All> of these hooks must return a boolean value. If it is true, then the
249 event counts as being I<consumed>, and the invocation of other hooks is
250 skipped, and the relevant action might not be carried out by the C++ code.
252 I<< When in doubt, return a false value (preferably C<()>). >>
258 Called after a new terminal object has been initialized, but before
259 windows are created or the command gets run. Most methods are unsafe to
260 call or deliver senseless data, as terminal size and other characteristics
261 have not yet been determined. You can safely query and change resources,
266 Called after the screen is "reset" for any reason, such as resizing or
267 control sequences. Here is where you can react on changes to size-related
272 Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal, just before
273 returning to the mainloop.
275 =item on_sel_make $term, $eventtime
277 Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but before the
278 selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or type of the
279 selection will be honored.
281 Returning a true value aborts selection making by urxvt, in which case you
282 have to make a selection yourself by calling C<< $term->selection_grab >>.
284 =item on_sel_grab $term, $eventtime
286 Called whenever a selection has been copied, but before the selection is
287 requested from the server. The selection text can be queried and changed
288 by calling C<< $term->selection >>.
290 Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be hilighted.
292 =item on_sel_extend $term
294 Called whenever the user tries to extend the selection (e.g. with a double
295 click) and is either supposed to return false (normal operation), or
296 should extend the selection itelf and return true to suppress the built-in
297 processing. This can happen multiple times, as long as the callback
298 returns true, it will be called on every further click by the user and is
299 supposed to enlarge the selection more and more, if possible.
301 See the F<selection> example extension.
303 =item on_view_change $term, $offset
305 Called whenever the view offset changes, i..e the user or program
306 scrolls. Offset C<0> means display the normal terminal, positive values
307 show this many lines of scrollback.
309 =item on_scroll_back $term, $lines, $saved
311 Called whenever lines scroll out of the terminal area into the scrollback
312 buffer. C<$lines> is the number of lines scrolled out and may be larger
313 than the scroll back buffer or the terminal.
315 It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines - 1,
316 $nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). C<$saved> is the total
317 number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.
319 =item on_osc_seq $term, $string
321 Called whenever the B<ESC ] 777 ; string ST> command sequence (OSC =
322 operating system command) is processed. Cursor position and other state
323 information is up-to-date when this happens. For interoperability, the
324 string should start with the extension name and a colon, to distinguish
325 it from commands for other extensions, and this might be enforced in the
328 Be careful not ever to trust (in a security sense) the data you receive,
329 as its source can not easily be controleld (e-mail content, messages from
330 other users on the same system etc.).
332 =item on_add_lines $term, $string
334 Called whenever text is about to be output, with the text as argument. You
335 can filter/change and output the text yourself by returning a true value
336 and calling C<< $term->scr_add_lines >> yourself. Please note that this
337 might be very slow, however, as your hook is called for B<all> text being
340 =item on_tt_write $term, $octets
342 Called whenever some data is written to the tty/pty and can be used to
343 suppress or filter tty input.
345 =item on_line_update $term, $row
347 Called whenever a line was updated or changed. Can be used to filter
348 screen output (e.g. underline urls or other useless stuff). Only lines
349 that are being shown will be filtered, and, due to performance reasons,
350 not always immediately.
352 The row number is always the topmost row of the line if the line spans
355 Please note that, if you change the line, then the hook might get called
356 later with the already-modified line (e.g. if unrelated parts change), so
357 you cannot just toggle rendition bits, but only set them.
359 =item on_refresh_begin $term
361 Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for overlay
362 or similar effects by modify terminal contents in refresh_begin, and
363 restoring them in refresh_end. The built-in overlay and selection display
364 code is run after this hook, and takes precedence.
366 =item on_refresh_end $term
368 Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See C<on_refresh_begin>.
370 =item on_keyboard_command $term, $string
372 Called whenever the user presses a key combination that has a
373 C<perl:string> action bound to it (see description of the B<keysym>
374 resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage).
376 =item on_focus_in $term
378 Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode
379 does focus in processing.
381 =item on_focus_out $term
383 Called wheneever the window loses keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode does
384 focus out processing.
386 =item on_key_press $term, $event, $keysym, $octets
388 =item on_key_release $term, $event, $keysym
390 =item on_button_press $term, $event
392 =item on_button_release $term, $event
394 =item on_motion_notify $term, $event
396 =item on_map_notify $term, $event
398 =item on_unmap_notify $term, $event
400 Called whenever the corresponding X event is received for the terminal If
401 the hook returns true, then the even will be ignored by rxvt-unicode.
403 The event is a hash with most values as named by Xlib (see the XEvent
404 manpage), with the additional members C<row> and C<col>, which are the row
405 and column under the mouse cursor.
407 C<on_key_press> additionally receives the string rxvt-unicode would
408 output, if any, in locale-specific encoding.
427 our %HOOKTYPE = map +($HOOKNAME[$_] => $_), 0..$#HOOKNAME;
435 =head2 Variables in the C<urxvt> Package
441 The rxvt-unicode library directory, where, among other things, the perl
442 modules and scripts are stored.
444 =item $urxvt::RESCLASS, $urxvt::RESCLASS
446 The resource class and name rxvt-unicode uses to look up X resources.
448 =item $urxvt::RXVTNAME
450 The basename of the installed binaries, usually C<urxvt>.
454 The current terminal. This variable stores the current C<urxvt::term>
455 object, whenever a callback/hook is executing.
459 =head2 Functions in the C<urxvt> Package
463 =item urxvt::fatal $errormessage
465 Fatally aborts execution with the given error message. Avoid at all
466 costs! The only time this is acceptable is when the terminal process
469 =item urxvt::warn $string
471 Calls C<rxvt_warn> with the given string which should not include a
472 newline. The module also overwrites the C<warn> builtin with a function
473 that calls this function.
475 Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the
476 correct place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.
478 Messages have a size limit of 1023 bytes currently.
480 =item $is_safe = urxvt::safe
482 Returns true when it is safe to do potentially unsafe things, such as
483 evaluating perl code specified by the user. This is true when urxvt was
484 started setuid or setgid.
486 =item $time = urxvt::NOW
488 Returns the "current time" (as per the event loop).
490 =item urxvt::CurrentTime
492 =item urxvt::ShiftMask, LockMask, ControlMask, Mod1Mask, Mod2Mask,
493 Mod3Mask, Mod4Mask, Mod5Mask, Button1Mask, Button2Mask, Button3Mask,
494 Button4Mask, Button5Mask, AnyModifier
496 Various constants for use in X calls and event processing.
502 Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font styles and
503 similar information for each screen cell.
505 The following "macros" deal with changes in rendition sets. You should
506 never just create a bitset, you should always modify an existing one,
507 as they contain important information required for correct operation of
512 =item $rend = urxvt::DEFAULT_RSTYLE
514 Returns the default rendition, as used when the terminal is starting up or
515 being reset. Useful as a base to start when creating renditions.
517 =item $rend = urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE
519 Return the rendition mask used for overlays by default.
521 =item $rendbit = urxvt::RS_Bold, RS_Italic, RS_Blink, RS_RVid, RS_Uline
523 Return the bit that enabled bold, italic, blink, reverse-video and
524 underline, respectively. To enable such a style, just logically OR it into
527 =item $foreground = urxvt::GET_BASEFG $rend
529 =item $background = urxvt::GET_BASEBG $rend
531 Return the foreground/background colour index, respectively.
533 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_FGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
535 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_BGCOLOR $rend, $new_colour
537 Replace the foreground/background colour in the rendition mask with the
540 =item $value = urxvt::GET_CUSTOM $rend
542 Return the "custom" value: Every rendition has 5 bits for use by
543 extensions. They can be set and changed as you like and are initially
546 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_CUSTOM $rend, $new_value
548 Change the custom value.
557 # overwrite perl's warn
558 *CORE::GLOBAL::warn = sub {
559 my $msg = join "", @_;
561 unless $msg =~ /\n$/;
565 # %ENV is the original startup environment
568 delete $ENV{BASH_ENV};
569 $ENV{PATH} = "/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/opt/bin:/opt/sbin";
573 my $verbosity = $ENV{URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY};
576 my ($level, $msg) = @_;
577 warn "$msg\n" if $level <= $verbosity;
580 my $extension_pkg = "extension0000";
583 # load a single script into its own package, once only
584 sub extension_package($) {
587 $extension_pkg{$path} ||= do {
588 my $pkg = "urxvt::" . ($extension_pkg++);
590 verbose 3, "loading extension '$path' into package '$pkg'";
592 open my $fh, "<:raw", $path
596 "package $pkg; use strict; use utf8;\n"
597 . "use base urxvt::term::extension::;\n"
598 . "#line 1 \"$path\"\n{\n"
599 . (do { local $/; <$fh> })
609 our $retval; # return value for urxvt
611 # called by the rxvt core
616 if ($htype == 0) { # INIT
617 my @dirs = ((split /:/, $TERM->resource ("perl_lib")), "$LIBDIR/perl");
621 for (map { split /,/, $TERM->resource ("perl_ext_$_") } 1, 2) {
622 if ($_ eq "default") {
623 $ext_arg{$_} ||= [] for qw(selection option-popup selection-popup searchable-scrollback);
624 } elsif (/^-(.*)$/) {
626 } elsif (/^([^<]+)<(.*)>$/) {
627 push @{ $ext_arg{$1} }, $2;
633 while (my ($ext, $argv) = each %ext_arg) {
634 my @files = grep -f $_, map "$_/$ext", @dirs;
637 $TERM->register_package (extension_package $files[0], $argv);
639 warn "perl extension '$ext' not found in perl library search path\n";
643 eval "#line 1 \"--perl-eval resource/argument\"\n" . $TERM->resource ("perl_eval");
649 if (my $cb = $TERM->{_hook}[$htype]) {
650 verbose 10, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] (" . (join ", ", $TERM, @_) . ")"
655 while (my ($pkg, $cb) = each %$cb) {
656 $retval = eval { $cb->($TERM->{_pkg}{$pkg}, @_) }
660 $TERM->ungrab; # better to lose the grab than the session
665 verbose 11, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] returning <$retval>"
669 if ($htype == 1) { # DESTROY
670 if (my $hook = delete $TERM->{_hook}) {
671 for my $htype (0..$#$hook) {
672 $hook_count[$htype] -= scalar keys %{ $hook->[$htype] || {} }
673 or set_should_invoke $htype, 0;
677 # clear package objects
678 %$_ = () for values %{ $TERM->{_pkg} };
691 if !defined $pid or $pid;
693 %ENV = %{ $TERM->env };
699 # urxvt::term::extension
701 package urxvt::term::extension;
704 my ($self, %hook) = @_;
705 my $pkg = $self->{_pkg};
707 while (my ($name, $cb) = each %hook) {
708 my $htype = $HOOKTYPE{uc $name};
710 or Carp::croak "unsupported hook type '$name'";
712 unless (exists $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg}) {
713 $hook_count[$htype]++
714 or urxvt::set_should_invoke $htype, 1;
717 $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg} = $cb;
722 my ($self, @hook) = @_;
723 my $pkg = $self->{_pkg};
725 for my $name (@hook) {
726 my $htype = $HOOKTYPE{uc $name};
728 or Carp::croak "unsupported hook type '$name'";
730 if (delete $self->{term}{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg}) {
731 --$hook_count[$htype]
732 or urxvt::set_should_invoke $htype, 0;
740 $AUTOLOAD =~ /:([^:]+)$/
741 or die "FATAL: \$AUTOLOAD '$AUTOLOAD' unparsable";
746 \$proxy->{term}->$1 (\@_)
749 } or die "FATAL: unable to compile method forwarder: $@";
758 # urxvt::destroy_hook
760 sub urxvt::destroy_hook::DESTROY {
764 sub urxvt::destroy_hook(&) {
765 bless \shift, urxvt::destroy_hook::
768 package urxvt::anyevent;
770 =head2 The C<urxvt::anyevent> Class
772 The sole purpose of this class is to deliver an interface to the
773 C<AnyEvent> module - any module using it will work inside urxvt without
774 further programming. The only exception is that you cannot wait on
775 condition variables, but non-blocking condvar use is ok. What this means
776 is that you cannot use blocking APIs, but the non-blocking variant should
783 $INC{"urxvt/anyevent.pm"} = 1; # mark us as there
784 push @AnyEvent::REGISTRY, [urxvt => urxvt::anyevent::];
787 my ($class, %arg) = @_;
793 ->start (urxvt::NOW + $arg{after})
795 $_[0]->stop; # need to cancel manually
801 my ($class, %arg) = @_;
805 bless [$arg{fh}, urxvt::iow
807 ->fd (fileno $arg{fh})
808 ->events (($arg{poll} =~ /r/ ? 1 : 0)
809 | ($arg{poll} =~ /w/ ? 2 : 0))
812 $cb->(($_[1] & 1 ? 'r' : '')
813 . ($_[1] & 2 ? 'w' : ''));
823 bless \my $flag, urxvt::anyevent::condvar::
826 sub urxvt::anyevent::condvar::broadcast {
830 sub urxvt::anyevent::condvar::wait {
832 Carp::croak "AnyEvent->condvar blocking wait unsupported in urxvt, use a non-blocking API";
838 =head2 The C<urxvt::term> Class
844 # find on_xxx subs in the package and register them
846 sub register_package {
847 my ($self, $pkg, $argv) = @_;
853 Scalar::Util::weaken ($proxy->{term} = $self);
855 $self->{_pkg}{$pkg} = $proxy;
857 for my $name (@HOOKNAME) {
858 if (my $ref = $pkg->can ("on_" . lc $name)) {
859 $proxy->enable ($name => $ref);
864 =item $term = new urxvt::term $envhashref, $rxvtname, [arg...]
866 Creates a new terminal, very similar as if you had started it with system
867 C<$rxvtname, arg...>. C<$envhashref> must be a reference to a C<%ENV>-like
868 hash which defines the environment of the new terminal.
870 Croaks (and probably outputs an error message) if the new instance
871 couldn't be created. Returns C<undef> if the new instance didn't
872 initialise perl, and the terminal object otherwise. The C<init> and
873 C<start> hooks will be called during this call.
878 my ($class, $env, @args) = @_;
880 _new ([ map "$_=$env->{$_}", keys %$env ], @args);
885 Destroy the terminal object (close the window, free resources
886 etc.). Please note that @@RXVT_NAME@@ will not exit as long as any event
887 watchers (timers, io watchers) are still active.
889 =item $isset = $term->option ($optval[, $set])
891 Returns true if the option specified by C<$optval> is enabled, and
892 optionally change it. All option values are stored by name in the hash
893 C<%urxvt::OPTION>. Options not enabled in this binary are not in the hash.
895 Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of option names, please see the
896 source file F</src/optinc.h> to see the actual list:
898 borderLess console cursorBlink cursorUnderline hold iconic insecure
899 intensityStyles jumpScroll loginShell mapAlert meta8 mouseWheelScrollPage
900 pastableTabs pointerBlank reverseVideo scrollBar scrollBar_floating
901 scrollBar_right scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput scrollWithBuffer
902 secondaryScreen secondaryScroll skipBuiltinGlyphs transparent
903 tripleclickwords utmpInhibit visualBell
905 =item $value = $term->resource ($name[, $newval])
907 Returns the current resource value associated with a given name and
908 optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the C<init>
909 hook. Unset resources are returned and accepted as C<undef>.
911 The new value must be properly encoded to a suitable character encoding
912 before passing it to this method. Similarly, the returned value may need
913 to be converted from the used encoding to text.
915 Resource names are as defined in F<src/rsinc.h>. Colours can be specified
916 as resource names of the form C<< color+<index> >>, e.g. C<color+5>. (will
919 Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when the
920 terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat memory.
922 Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of which
923 are supported in every build, please see the source file F</src/rsinc.h>
924 to see the actual list:
926 answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key boldFont boldItalicFont
927 borderLess color cursorBlink cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key
928 display_name embed ext_bwidth fade font geometry hold iconName
929 imFont imLocale inputMethod insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles
930 italicFont jumpScroll lineSpace loginShell mapAlert menu meta8 modifier
931 mouseWheelScrollPage name pastableTabs path perl_eval perl_ext_1 perl_ext_2
932 perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay preeditType print_pipe pty_fd
933 reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating
934 scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput
935 scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle secondaryScreen secondaryScroll selectstyle
936 shade term_name title transparent transparent_all tripleclickwords
937 utmpInhibit visualBell
942 my ($self, $name) = (shift, shift);
943 unshift @_, $self, $name, ($name =~ s/\s*\+\s*(\d+)$// ? $1 : 0);
944 &urxvt::term::_resource
947 =item $value = $term->x_resource ($pattern)
949 Returns the X-Resource for the given pattern, excluding the program or
950 class name, i.e. C<< $term->x_resource ("boldFont") >> should return the
951 same value as used by this instance of rxvt-unicode. Returns C<undef> if no
952 resource with that pattern exists.
954 This method should only be called during the C<on_start> hook, as there is
955 only one resource database per display, and later invocations might return
958 =item $success = $term->parse_keysym ($keysym_spec, $command_string)
960 Adds a keymap translation exactly as specified via a resource. See the
961 C<keysym> resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage.
963 =item $rend = $term->rstyle ([$new_rstyle])
965 Return and optionally change the current rendition. Text that is output by
966 the terminal application will use this style.
968 =item ($row, $col) = $term->screen_cur ([$row, $col])
970 Return the current coordinates of the text cursor position and optionally
971 set it (which is usually bad as applications don't expect that).
973 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_mark ([$row, $col])
975 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_beg ([$row, $col])
977 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_end ([$row, $col])
979 Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or end positions,
980 and optionally set them to new values.
982 =item $term->selection_make ($eventtime[, $rectangular])
984 Tries to make a selection as set by C<selection_beg> and
985 C<selection_end>. If C<$rectangular> is true (default: false), a
986 rectangular selection will be made. This is the prefered function to make
989 =item $success = $term->selection_grab ($eventtime)
991 Try to request the primary selection text from the server (for example, as
992 set by the next method). No visual feedback will be given. This function
993 is mostly useful from within C<on_sel_grab> hooks.
995 =item $oldtext = $term->selection ([$newtext])
997 Return the current selection text and optionally replace it by C<$newtext>.
999 =item $term->overlay_simple ($x, $y, $text)
1001 Create a simple multi-line overlay box. See the next method for details.
1005 sub overlay_simple {
1006 my ($self, $x, $y, $text) = @_;
1008 my @lines = split /\n/, $text;
1010 my $w = List::Util::max map $self->strwidth ($_), @lines;
1012 my $overlay = $self->overlay ($x, $y, $w, scalar @lines);
1013 $overlay->set (0, $_, $lines[$_]) for 0.. $#lines;
1018 =item $term->overlay ($x, $y, $width, $height[, $rstyle[, $border]])
1020 Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the given
1021 width/height. C<$rstyle> defines the initial rendition style
1022 (default: C<OVERLAY_RSTYLE>).
1024 If C<$border> is C<2> (default), then a decorative border will be put
1027 If either C<$x> or C<$y> is negative, then this is counted from the
1028 right/bottom side, respectively.
1030 This method returns an urxvt::overlay object. The overlay will be visible
1031 as long as the perl object is referenced.
1033 The methods currently supported on C<urxvt::overlay> objects are:
1037 =item $overlay->set ($x, $y, $text, $rend)
1039 Similar to C<< $term->ROW_t >> and C<< $term->ROW_r >> in that it puts
1040 text in rxvt-unicode's special encoding and an array of rendition values
1041 at a specific position inside the overlay.
1043 =item $overlay->hide
1045 If visible, hide the overlay, but do not destroy it.
1047 =item $overlay->show
1049 If hidden, display the overlay again.
1053 =item $popup = $term->popup ($event)
1055 Creates a new C<urxvt::popup> object that implements a popup menu. The
1056 C<$event> I<must> be the event causing the menu to pop up (a button event,
1062 my ($self, $event) = @_;
1064 $self->grab ($event->{time}, 1)
1072 Scalar::Util::weaken $popup->{term};
1074 $self->{_destroy}{$popup} = urxvt::destroy_hook { $popup->{popup}->destroy };
1075 Scalar::Util::weaken $self->{_destroy}{$popup};
1080 =item $cellwidth = $term->strwidth ($string)
1082 Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need. Correctly
1083 accounts for wide and combining characters.
1085 =item $octets = $term->locale_encode ($string)
1087 Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale encoding.
1089 =item $string = $term->locale_decode ($octets)
1091 Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.
1093 =item $term->scr_xor_span ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle])
1095 XORs the rendition values in the given span with the provided value
1096 (default: C<RS_RVid>), which I<MUST NOT> contain font styles. Useful in
1097 refresh hooks to provide effects similar to the selection.
1099 =item $term->scr_xor_rect ($beg_row, $beg_col, $end_row, $end_col[, $rstyle1[, $rstyle2]])
1101 Similar to C<scr_xor_span>, but xors a rectangle instead. Trailing
1102 whitespace will additionally be xored with the C<$rstyle2>, which defaults
1103 to C<RS_RVid | RS_Uline>, which removes reverse video again and underlines
1104 it instead. Both styles I<MUST NOT> contain font styles.
1106 =item $term->scr_bell
1110 =item $term->scr_add_lines ($string)
1112 Write the given text string to the screen, as if output by the application
1113 running inside the terminal. It may not contain command sequences (escape
1114 codes), but is free to use line feeds, carriage returns and tabs. The
1115 string is a normal text string, not in locale-dependent encoding.
1117 Normally its not a good idea to use this function, as programs might be
1118 confused by changes in cursor position or scrolling. Its useful inside a
1119 C<on_add_lines> hook, though.
1121 =item $term->cmd_parse ($octets)
1123 Similar to C<scr_add_lines>, but the argument must be in the
1124 locale-specific encoding of the terminal and can contain command sequences
1125 (escape codes) that will be interpreted.
1127 =item $term->tt_write ($octets)
1129 Write the octets given in C<$data> to the tty (i.e. as program input). To
1130 pass characters instead of octets, you should convert your strings first
1131 to the locale-specific encoding using C<< $term->locale_encode >>.
1133 =item $old_events = $term->pty_ev_events ([$new_events])
1135 Replaces the event mask of the pty watcher by the given event mask. Can
1136 be used to suppress input and output handling to the pty/tty. See the
1137 description of C<< urxvt::timer->events >>. Make sure to always restore
1140 =item $windowid = $term->parent
1142 Return the window id of the toplevel window.
1144 =item $windowid = $term->vt
1146 Return the window id of the terminal window.
1148 =item $window_width = $term->width
1150 =item $window_height = $term->height
1152 =item $font_width = $term->fwidth
1154 =item $font_height = $term->fheight
1156 =item $font_ascent = $term->fbase
1158 =item $terminal_rows = $term->nrow
1160 =item $terminal_columns = $term->ncol
1162 =item $has_focus = $term->focus
1164 =item $is_mapped = $term->mapped
1166 =item $max_scrollback = $term->saveLines
1168 =item $nrow_plus_saveLines = $term->total_rows
1170 =item $lines_in_scrollback = $term->nsaved
1172 Return various integers describing terminal characteristics.
1174 =item $x_display = $term->display_id
1176 Return the DISPLAY used by rxvt-unicode.
1178 =item $lc_ctype = $term->locale
1180 Returns the LC_CTYPE category string used by this rxvt-unicode.
1182 =item $env = $term->env
1184 Returns a copy of the environment in effect for the terminal as a hashref
1185 similar to C<\%ENV>.
1190 if (my $env = $_[0]->_env) {
1191 +{ map /^([^=]+)(?:=(.*))?$/s && ($1 => $2), @$env }
1197 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModLevel3Mask
1199 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModMetaMask
1201 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModNumLockMask
1203 Return the modifier masks corresponding to the "ISO Level 3 Shift" (often
1204 AltGr), the meta key (often Alt) and the num lock key, if applicable.
1206 =item $view_start = $term->view_start ([$newvalue])
1208 Returns the negative row number of the topmost line. Minimum value is
1209 C<0>, which displays the normal terminal contents. Larger values scroll
1210 this many lines into the scrollback buffer.
1212 =item $term->want_refresh
1214 Requests a screen refresh. At the next opportunity, rxvt-unicode will
1215 compare the on-screen display with its stored representation. If they
1216 differ, it redraws the differences.
1218 Used after changing terminal contents to display them.
1220 =item $text = $term->ROW_t ($row_number[, $new_text[, $start_col]])
1222 Returns the text of the entire row with number C<$row_number>. Row C<0>
1223 is the topmost terminal line, row C<< $term->$ncol-1 >> is the bottommost
1224 terminal line. The scrollback buffer starts at line C<-1> and extends to
1225 line C<< -$term->nsaved >>. Nothing will be returned if a nonexistent line
1228 If C<$new_text> is specified, it will replace characters in the current
1229 line, starting at column C<$start_col> (default C<0>), which is useful
1230 to replace only parts of a line. The font index in the rendition will
1231 automatically be updated.
1233 C<$text> is in a special encoding: tabs and wide characters that use more
1234 than one cell when displayed are padded with urxvt::NOCHAR characters
1235 (C<chr 65535>). Characters with combining characters and other characters
1236 that do not fit into the normal tetx encoding will be replaced with
1237 characters in the private use area.
1239 You have to obey this encoding when changing text. The advantage is
1240 that C<substr> and similar functions work on screen cells and not on
1243 The methods C<< $term->special_encode >> and C<< $term->special_decode >>
1244 can be used to convert normal strings into this encoding and vice versa.
1246 =item $rend = $term->ROW_r ($row_number[, $new_rend[, $start_col]])
1248 Like C<< $term->ROW_t >>, but returns an arrayref with rendition
1249 bitsets. Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font
1250 styles and similar information. See also C<< $term->ROW_t >>.
1252 When setting rendition, the font mask will be ignored.
1254 See the section on RENDITION, above.
1256 =item $length = $term->ROW_l ($row_number[, $new_length])
1258 Returns the number of screen cells that are in use ("the line
1259 length"). Unlike the urxvt core, this returns C<< $term->ncol >> if the
1260 line is joined with the following one.
1262 =item $bool = $term->is_longer ($row_number)
1264 Returns true if the row is part of a multiple-row logical "line" (i.e.
1265 joined with the following row), which means all characters are in use
1266 and it is continued on the next row (and possibly a continuation of the
1269 =item $line = $term->line ($row_number)
1271 Create and return a new C<urxvt::line> object that stores information
1272 about the logical line that row C<$row_number> is part of. It supports the
1277 =item $text = $line->t ([$new_text])
1279 Returns or replaces the full text of the line, similar to C<ROW_t>
1281 =item $rend = $line->r ([$new_rend])
1283 Returns or replaces the full rendition array of the line, similar to C<ROW_r>
1285 =item $length = $line->l
1287 Returns the length of the line in cells, similar to C<ROW_l>.
1289 =item $rownum = $line->beg
1291 =item $rownum = $line->end
1293 Return the row number of the first/last row of the line, respectively.
1295 =item $offset = $line->offset_of ($row, $col)
1297 Returns the character offset of the given row|col pair within the logical
1298 line. Works for rows outside the line, too, and returns corresponding
1299 offsets outside the string.
1301 =item ($row, $col) = $line->coord_of ($offset)
1303 Translates a string offset into terminal coordinates again.
1310 my ($self, $row) = @_;
1312 my $maxrow = $self->nrow - 1;
1314 my ($beg, $end) = ($row, $row);
1316 --$beg while $self->ROW_is_longer ($beg - 1);
1317 ++$end while $self->ROW_is_longer ($end) && $end < $maxrow;
1323 ncol => $self->ncol,
1324 len => ($end - $beg) * $self->ncol + $self->ROW_l ($end),
1328 sub urxvt::line::t {
1333 $self->{term}->ROW_t ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
1334 for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
1337 defined wantarray &&
1338 substr +(join "", map $self->{term}->ROW_t ($_), $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}),
1342 sub urxvt::line::r {
1347 $self->{term}->ROW_r ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
1348 for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
1351 if (defined wantarray) {
1353 map @{ $self->{term}->ROW_r ($_) }, $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}
1355 $#$rend = $self->{len} - 1;
1362 sub urxvt::line::beg { $_[0]{beg} }
1363 sub urxvt::line::end { $_[0]{end} }
1364 sub urxvt::line::l { $_[0]{len} }
1366 sub urxvt::line::offset_of {
1367 my ($self, $row, $col) = @_;
1369 ($row - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol} + $col
1372 sub urxvt::line::coord_of {
1373 my ($self, $offset) = @_;
1378 $offset / $self->{ncol} + $self->{beg},
1379 $offset % $self->{ncol}
1383 =item $text = $term->special_encode $string
1385 Converts a perl string into the special encoding used by rxvt-unicode,
1386 where one character corresponds to one screen cell. See
1387 C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
1389 =item $string = $term->special_decode $text
1391 Converts rxvt-unicodes text reprsentation into a perl string. See
1392 C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
1394 =item $success = $term->grab_button ($button, $modifiermask)
1396 Registers a synchronous button grab. See the XGrabButton manpage.
1398 =item $success = $term->grab ($eventtime[, $sync])
1400 Calls XGrabPointer and XGrabKeyboard in asynchronous (default) or
1401 synchronous (C<$sync> is true). Also remembers the grab timestampe.
1403 =item $term->allow_events_async
1405 Calls XAllowEvents with AsyncBoth for the most recent grab.
1407 =item $term->allow_events_sync
1409 Calls XAllowEvents with SyncBoth for the most recent grab.
1411 =item $term->allow_events_replay
1413 Calls XAllowEvents with both ReplayPointer and ReplayKeyboard for the most
1418 Calls XUngrab for the most recent grab. Is called automatically on
1419 evaluation errors, as it is better to lose the grab in the error case as
1426 package urxvt::popup;
1428 =head2 The C<urxvt::popup> Class
1435 my ($self, $item) = @_;
1437 $item->{rend}{normal} = "\x1b[0;30;47m" unless exists $item->{rend}{normal};
1438 $item->{rend}{hover} = "\x1b[0;30;46m" unless exists $item->{rend}{hover};
1439 $item->{rend}{active} = "\x1b[m" unless exists $item->{rend}{active};
1441 $item->{render} ||= sub { $_[0]{text} };
1443 push @{ $self->{item} }, $item;
1446 =item $popup->add_title ($title)
1448 Adds a non-clickable title to the popup.
1453 my ($self, $title) = @_;
1456 rend => { normal => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m", hover => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m", active => "\x1b[38;5;11;44m" },
1458 activate => sub { },
1462 =item $popup->add_separator ([$sepchr])
1464 Creates a separator, optionally using the character given as C<$sepchr>.
1469 my ($self, $sep) = @_;
1474 rend => { normal => "\x1b[0;30;47m", hover => "\x1b[0;30;47m", active => "\x1b[0;30;47m" },
1476 render => sub { $sep x $self->{term}->ncol },
1477 activate => sub { },
1481 =item $popup->add_button ($text, $cb)
1483 Adds a clickable button to the popup. C<$cb> is called whenever it is
1489 my ($self, $text, $cb) = @_;
1491 $self->add_item ({ type => "button", text => $text, activate => $cb});
1494 =item $popup->add_toggle ($text, $cb, $initial_value)
1496 Adds a toggle/checkbox item to the popup. Teh callback gets called
1497 whenever it gets toggled, with a boolean indicating its value as its first
1503 my ($self, $text, $cb, $value) = @_;
1509 render => sub { ($_[0]{value} ? "* " : " ") . $text },
1510 activate => sub { $cb->($_[1]{value} = !$_[1]{value}); },
1513 $self->add_item ($item);
1518 Displays the popup (which is initially hidden).
1525 local $urxvt::popup::self = $self;
1527 my $env = $self->{term}->env;
1528 # we can't hope to reproduce the locale algorithm, so nuke LC_ALL and set LC_CTYPE.
1529 delete $env->{LC_ALL};
1530 $env->{LC_CTYPE} = $self->{term}->locale;
1532 urxvt::term->new ($env, $self->{term}->resource ("name"),
1533 "--perl-lib" => "", "--perl-ext-common" => "", "-pty-fd" => -1, "-sl" => 0, "-b" => 0,
1534 "--transient-for" => $self->{term}->parent,
1535 "-display" => $self->{term}->display_id,
1536 "-pe" => "urxvt-popup")
1537 or die "unable to create popup window\n";
1543 delete $self->{term}{_destroy}{$self};
1544 $self->{term}->ungrab;
1549 =head2 The C<urxvt::timer> Class
1551 This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a
1552 fractional number of seconds since the epoch. Example:
1554 $term->{overlay} = $term->overlay (-1, 0, 8, 1, urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE, 0);
1555 $term->{timer} = urxvt::timer
1559 $term->{overlay}->set (0, 0,
1560 sprintf "%2d:%02d:%02d", (localtime urxvt::NOW)[2,1,0]);
1565 =item $timer = new urxvt::timer
1567 Create a new timer object in started state. It is scheduled to fire
1570 =item $timer = $timer->cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })
1572 Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
1574 =item $tstamp = $timer->at
1576 Return the time this watcher will fire next.
1578 =item $timer = $timer->set ($tstamp)
1580 Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp.
1582 =item $timer = $timer->interval ($interval)
1584 Normally (and when C<$interval> is C<0>), the timer will automatically
1585 stop after it has fired once. If C<$interval> is non-zero, then the timer
1586 is automatically rescheduled at the given intervals.
1588 =item $timer = $timer->start
1592 =item $timer = $timer->start ($tstamp)
1594 Set the event trigger time to C<$tstamp> and start the timer.
1596 =item $timer = $timer->stop
1602 =head2 The C<urxvt::iow> Class
1604 This class implements io watchers/events. Example:
1606 $term->{socket} = ...
1607 $term->{iow} = urxvt::iow
1609 ->fd (fileno $term->{socket})
1610 ->events (urxvt::EVENT_READ)
1613 my ($iow, $revents) = @_;
1614 # $revents must be 1 here, no need to check
1615 sysread $term->{socket}, my $buf, 8192
1622 =item $iow = new urxvt::iow
1624 Create a new io watcher object in stopped state.
1626 =item $iow = $iow->cb (sub { my ($iow, $reventmask) = @_; ... })
1628 Set the callback to be called when io events are triggered. C<$reventmask>
1629 is a bitset as described in the C<events> method.
1631 =item $iow = $iow->fd ($fd)
1633 Set the filedescriptor (not handle) to watch.
1635 =item $iow = $iow->events ($eventmask)
1637 Set the event mask to watch. The only allowed values are
1638 C<urxvt::EVENT_READ> and C<urxvt::EVENT_WRITE>, which might be ORed
1639 together, or C<urxvt::EVENT_NONE>.
1641 =item $iow = $iow->start
1643 Start watching for requested events on the given handle.
1645 =item $iow = $iow->stop
1647 Stop watching for events on the given filehandle.
1653 =head2 URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY
1655 This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher
1656 numbers indicate more verbose output.
1660 =item == 0 - fatal messages
1662 =item >= 3 - script loading and management
1664 =item >=10 - all called hooks
1666 =item >=11 - hook reutrn values
1672 Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>
1673 http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/rxvt-unicode