5 @@RXVT_NAME@@perl - rxvt-unicode's embedded perl interpreter
9 # create a file grab_test in $HOME:
12 warn "you selected ", $_[0]->selection;
16 # start a @@RXVT_NAME@@ using it:
18 @@RXVT_NAME@@ --perl-lib $HOME -pe grab_test
22 Everytime a terminal object gets created, extension scripts specified via
23 the C<perl> resource are loaded and associated with it.
25 Scripts are compiled in a 'use strict' and 'use utf8' environment, and
26 thus must be encoded as UTF-8.
28 Each script will only ever be loaded once, even in @@RXVT_NAME@@d, where
29 scripts will be shared (but not enabled) for all terminals.
31 =head2 Prepackaged Extensions
33 This section describes the extensiosn delivered with this version. You can
34 find them in F<@@RXVT_LIBDIR@@/urxvt/perl/>.
36 You can activate them like this:
38 @@RXVT_NAME@@ -pe <extensionname>
44 Intelligent selection. This extension tries to be more intelligent when
45 the user extends selections (double-click). Right now, it tries to select
46 urls and complete shell-quoted arguments, which is very convenient, too,
47 if your F<ls> supports C<--quoting-style=shell>.
49 It also offers the following bindable event:
55 Rot-13 the selection when activated. Used via keyboard trigger:
57 URxvt.keysym.C-M-r: perl:selection:rot13
63 Displays a digital clock using the built-in overlay.
67 Uses per-line display filtering (C<on_line_update>) to underline urls.
69 =item block-graphics-to-ascii
71 A not very useful example of filtering all text output to the terminal,
72 by replacing all line-drawing characters (U+2500 .. U+259F) by a
73 similar-looking ascii character.
75 =item example-refresh-hooks
77 Displays a very simple digital clock in the upper right corner of the
78 window. Illustrates overwriting the refresh callbacks to create your own
83 =head2 General API Considerations
85 All objects (such as terminals, time watchers etc.) are typical
86 reference-to-hash objects. The hash can be used to store anything you
87 like. All members starting with an underscore (such as C<_ptr> or
88 C<_hook>) are reserved for internal uses and B<MUST NOT> be accessed or
91 When objects are destroyed on the C++ side, the perl object hashes are
92 emptied, so its best to store related objects such as time watchers and
93 the like inside the terminal object so they get destroyed as soon as the
94 terminal is destroyed.
96 Argument names also often indicate the type of a parameter. Here are some
97 hints on what they mean:
103 Rxvt-unicodes special way of encoding text, where one "unicode" character
104 always represents one screen cell. See L<row_t> for a discussion of this format.
108 A perl text string, with an emphasis on I<text>. It can store all unicode
109 characters and is to be distinguished with text encoded in a specific
110 encoding (often locale-specific) and binary data.
114 Either binary data or - more common - a text string encoded in a
121 The following subroutines can be declared in extension files, and will be
122 called whenever the relevant event happens.
124 The first argument passed to them is an object private to each terminal
125 and extension package. You can call all C<urxvt::term> methods on it, but
126 its not a real C<urxvt::term> object. Instead, the real C<urxvt::term>
127 object that is shared between all packages is stored in the C<term>
128 member. It is, however, blessed intot he package of the extension script,
129 so for all practical purposes you can treat an extension script as a class.
131 All of them must return a boolean value. If it is true, then the event
132 counts as being I<consumed>, and the invocation of other hooks is skipped,
133 and the relevant action might not be carried out by the C++ code.
135 When in doubt, return a false value (preferably C<()>).
141 Called after a new terminal object has been initialized, but before
142 windows are created or the command gets run. Most methods are unsafe to
143 call or deliver senseless data, as terminal size and other characteristics
144 have not yet been determined. You can safely query and change resources,
149 Called after the screen is "reset" for any reason, such as resizing or
150 control sequences. Here is where you can react on changes to size-related
155 Called at the very end of initialisation of a new terminal, just before
156 returning to the mainloop.
158 =item on_sel_make $term, $eventtime
160 Called whenever a selection has been made by the user, but before the
161 selection text is copied, so changes to the beginning, end or type of the
162 selection will be honored.
164 Returning a true value aborts selection making by urxvt, in which case you
165 have to make a selection yourself by calling C<< $term->selection_grab >>.
167 =item on_sel_grab $term, $eventtime
169 Called whenever a selection has been copied, but before the selection is
170 requested from the server. The selection text can be queried and changed
171 by calling C<< $term->selection >>.
173 Returning a true value aborts selection grabbing. It will still be hilighted.
175 =item on_sel_extend $term
177 Called whenever the user tries to extend the selection (e.g. with a double
178 click) and is either supposed to return false (normal operation), or
179 should extend the selection itelf and return true to suppress the built-in
182 See the F<selection> example extension.
184 =item on_view_change $term, $offset
186 Called whenever the view offset changes, i..e the user or program
187 scrolls. Offset C<0> means display the normal terminal, positive values
188 show this many lines of scrollback.
190 =item on_scroll_back $term, $lines, $saved
192 Called whenever lines scroll out of the terminal area into the scrollback
193 buffer. C<$lines> is the number of lines scrolled out and may be larger
194 than the scroll back buffer or the terminal.
196 It is called before lines are scrolled out (so rows 0 .. min ($lines - 1,
197 $nrow - 1) represent the lines to be scrolled out). C<$saved> is the total
198 number of lines that will be in the scrollback buffer.
200 =item on_tty_activity $term *NYI*
202 Called whenever the program(s) running in the urxvt window send output.
204 =item on_osc_seq $term, $string
206 Called whenever the B<ESC ] 777 ; string ST> command sequence (OSC =
207 operating system command) is processed. Cursor position and other state
208 information is up-to-date when this happens. For interoperability, the
209 string should start with the extension name and a colon, to distinguish
210 it from commands for other extensions, and this might be enforced in the
213 Be careful not ever to trust (in a security sense) the data you receive,
214 as its source can not easily be controleld (e-mail content, messages from
215 other users on the same system etc.).
217 =item on_add_lines $term, $string
219 Called whenever text is about to be output, with the text as argument. You
220 can filter/change and output the text yourself by returning a true value
221 and calling C<< $term->scr_add_lines >> yourself. Please note that this
222 might be very slow, however, as your hook is called for B<all> text being
225 =item on_line_update $term, $row
227 Called whenever a line was updated or changed. Can be used to filter
228 screen output (e.g. underline urls or other useless stuff). Only lines
229 that are being shown will be filtered, and, due to performance reasons,
230 not always immediately.
232 The row number is always the topmost row of the line if the line spans
235 Please note that, if you change the line, then the hook might get called
236 later with the already-modified line (e.g. if unrelated parts change), so
237 you cannot just toggle rendition bits, but only set them.
239 =item on_refresh_begin $term
241 Called just before the screen gets redrawn. Can be used for overlay
242 or similar effects by modify terminal contents in refresh_begin, and
243 restoring them in refresh_end. The built-in overlay and selection display
244 code is run after this hook, and takes precedence.
246 =item on_refresh_end $term
248 Called just after the screen gets redrawn. See C<on_refresh_begin>.
250 =item on_keyboard_command $term, $string
252 Called whenever the user presses a key combination that has a
253 C<perl:string> action bound to it (see description of the B<keysym>
254 resource in the @@RXVT_NAME@@(1) manpage).
256 =item on_focus_in $term
258 Called whenever the window gets the keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode
259 does focus in processing.
261 =item on_focus_out $term
263 Called wheneever the window loses keyboard focus, before rxvt-unicode does
264 focus out processing.
266 =item on_key_press $term, $event, $octets
268 =item on_key_release $term, $event
270 =item on_button_press $term, $event
272 =item on_button_release $term, $event
274 =item on_motion_notify $term, $event
276 =item on_map_notify $term, $event
278 =item on_unmap_notify $term, $event
280 Called whenever the corresponding X event is received for the terminal If
281 the hook returns true, then the even will be ignored by rxvt-unicode.
283 The event is a hash with most values as named by Xlib (see the XEvent
284 manpage), with the additional members C<row> and C<col>, which are the row
285 and column under the mouse cursor.
287 C<on_key_press> additionally receives the string rxvt-unicode would
288 output, if any, in locale-specific encoding.
294 =head2 Variables in the C<urxvt> Package
300 The current terminal. This variable stores the current C<urxvt::term>
301 object, whenever a callback/hook is executing.
305 =head2 Functions in the C<urxvt> Package
309 =item $term = new urxvt [arg...]
311 Creates a new terminal, very similar as if you had started it with
312 C<system $binfile, arg...>. Croaks (and probably outputs an error message)
313 if the new instance couldn't be created. Returns C<undef> if the new
314 instance didn't initialise perl, and the terminal object otherwise. The
315 C<init> and C<start> hooks will be called during the call.
317 =item urxvt::fatal $errormessage
319 Fatally aborts execution with the given error message. Avoid at all
320 costs! The only time this is acceptable is when the terminal process
323 =item urxvt::warn $string
325 Calls C<rxvt_warn> with the given string which should not include a
326 newline. The module also overwrites the C<warn> builtin with a function
327 that calls this function.
329 Using this function has the advantage that its output ends up in the
330 correct place, e.g. on stderr of the connecting urxvtc client.
332 =item $time = urxvt::NOW
334 Returns the "current time" (as per the event loop).
336 =item urxvt::CurrentTime
338 =item urxvt::ShiftMask, LockMask, ControlMask, Mod1Mask, Mod2Mask,
339 Mod3Mask, Mod4Mask, Mod5Mask, Button1Mask, Button2Mask, Button3Mask,
340 Button4Mask, Button5Mask, AnyModifier
342 Various constants for use in X events.
348 Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font styles and
349 similar information for each screen cell.
351 The following "macros" deal with changes in rendition sets. You should
352 never just create a bitset, you should always modify an existing one,
353 as they contain important information required for correct operation of
358 =item $rend = urxvt::DEFAULT_RSTYLE
360 Returns the default rendition, as used when the terminal is starting up or
361 being reset. Useful as a base to start when creating renditions.
363 =item $rend = urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE
365 Return the rendition mask used for overlays by default.
367 =item $rendbit = urxvt::RS_Bold, RS_Italic, RS_Blink, RS_RVid, RS_Uline
369 Return the bit that enabled bold, italic, blink, reverse-video and
370 underline, respectively. To enable such a style, just logically OR it into
373 =item $foreground = urxvt::GET_BASEFG $rend
375 =item $background = urxvt::GET_BASEBG $rend
377 Return the foreground/background colour index, respectively.
379 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_FGCOLOR ($rend, $new_colour)
381 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_BGCOLOR ($rend, $new_colour)
383 Replace the foreground/background colour in the rendition mask with the
386 =item $value = urxvt::GET_CUSTOM ($rend)
388 Return the "custom" value: Every rendition has 5 bits for use by
389 extensions. They can be set and changed as you like and are initially
392 =item $rend = urxvt::SET_CUSTOM ($rend, $new_value)
394 Change the custom value.
414 # overwrite perl's warn
415 *CORE::GLOBAL::warn = sub {
416 my $msg = join "", @_;
418 unless $msg =~ /\n$/;
424 my $verbosity = $ENV{URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY};
427 my ($level, $msg) = @_;
428 warn "$msg\n" if $level <= $verbosity;
431 # find on_xxx subs in the package and register them
433 sub register_package($) {
436 for my $htype (0.. $#HOOKNAME) {
437 my $name = $HOOKNAME[$htype];
439 my $ref = $pkg->can ("on_" . lc $name)
442 $TERM->{_hook}[$htype]{$pkg} = $ref;
443 $hook_count[$htype]++
444 or set_should_invoke $htype, 1;
448 my $extension_pkg = "extension0000";
451 # load a single script into its own package, once only
452 sub extension_package($) {
455 $extension_pkg{$path} ||= do {
456 my $pkg = "urxvt::" . ($extension_pkg++);
458 verbose 3, "loading extension '$path' into package '$pkg'";
460 open my $fh, "<:raw", $path
463 my $source = "package $pkg; use strict; use utf8;\n"
464 . "use base urxvt::term::proxy::;\n"
465 . "#line 1 \"$path\"\n{\n"
466 . (do { local $/; <$fh> })
469 eval $source or die "$path: $@";
475 our $retval; # return value for urxvt
477 # called by the rxvt core
482 if ($htype == 0) { # INIT
483 my @dirs = ((split /:/, $TERM->resource ("perl_lib")), "$LIBDIR/perl");
485 for my $ext (map { split /,/, $TERM->resource ("perl_ext_$_") } 1, 2) {
486 my @files = grep -f $_, map "$_/$ext", @dirs;
489 register_package extension_package $files[0];
491 warn "perl extension '$ext' not found in perl library search path\n";
498 if (my $cb = $TERM->{_hook}[$htype]) {
499 verbose 10, "$HOOKNAME[$htype] (" . (join ", ", $TERM, @_) . ")"
504 while (my ($pkg, $cb) = each %$cb) {
507 $TERM->{_pkg}{$pkg} ||= do {
508 my $proxy = bless { }, $pkg;
509 Scalar::Util::weaken ($proxy->{term} = $TERM);
519 if ($htype == 1) { # DESTROY
520 # remove hooks if unused
521 if (my $hook = $TERM->{_hook}) {
522 for my $htype (0..$#$hook) {
523 $hook_count[$htype] -= scalar keys %{ $hook->[$htype] || {} }
524 or set_should_invoke $htype, 0;
528 # clear package objects
529 %$_ = () for values %{ $TERM->{_pkg} };
538 sub urxvt::term::proxy::AUTOLOAD {
539 $urxvt::term::proxy::AUTOLOAD =~ /:([^:]+)$/
540 or die "FATAL: \$AUTOLOAD '$urxvt::term::proxy::AUTOLOAD' unparsable";
543 sub $urxvt::term::proxy::AUTOLOAD {
545 \$proxy->{term}->$1 (\@_)
548 } or die "FATAL: unable to compile method forwarder: $@";
550 goto &$urxvt::term::proxy::AUTOLOAD;
553 sub urxvt::destroy_hook::DESTROY {
557 sub urxvt::destroy_hook(&) {
558 bless \shift, urxvt::destroy_hook::
561 =head2 The C<urxvt::term> Class
567 Destroy the terminal object (close the window, free resources etc.).
569 =item $value = $term->resource ($name[, $newval])
571 Returns the current resource value associated with a given name and
572 optionally sets a new value. Setting values is most useful in the C<init>
573 hook. Unset resources are returned and accepted as C<undef>.
575 The new value must be properly encoded to a suitable character encoding
576 before passing it to this method. Similarly, the returned value may need
577 to be converted from the used encoding to text.
579 Resource names are as defined in F<src/rsinc.h>. Colours can be specified
580 as resource names of the form C<< color+<index> >>, e.g. C<color+5>. (will
583 Please note that resource strings will currently only be freed when the
584 terminal is destroyed, so changing options frequently will eat memory.
586 Here is a a likely non-exhaustive list of resource names, not all of which
587 are supported in every build, please see the source to see the actual
590 answerbackstring backgroundPixmap backspace_key boldFont boldItalicFont
591 borderLess color cursorBlink cursorUnderline cutchars delete_key
592 display_name embed ext_bwidth fade font geometry hold iconName
593 imFont imLocale inputMethod insecure int_bwidth intensityStyles
594 italicFont jumpScroll lineSpace loginShell mapAlert menu meta8 modifier
595 mouseWheelScrollPage name pastableTabs path perl_eval perl_ext_1 perl_ext_2
596 perl_lib pointerBlank pointerBlankDelay preeditType print_pipe pty_fd
597 reverseVideo saveLines scrollBar scrollBar_align scrollBar_floating
598 scrollBar_right scrollBar_thickness scrollTtyKeypress scrollTtyOutput
599 scrollWithBuffer scrollstyle secondaryScreen secondaryScroll selectstyle
600 shade term_name title transparent transparent_all tripleclickwords
601 utmpInhibit visualBell
605 sub urxvt::term::resource($$;$) {
606 my ($self, $name) = (shift, shift);
607 unshift @_, $self, $name, ($name =~ s/\s*\+\s*(\d+)$// ? $1 : 0);
608 &urxvt::term::_resource
611 =item $rend = $term->rstyle ([$new_rstyle])
613 Return and optionally change the current rendition. Text that is output by
614 the terminal application will use this style.
616 =item ($row, $col) = $term->screen_cur ([$row, $col])
618 Return the current coordinates of the text cursor position and optionally
619 set it (which is usually bad as applications don't expect that).
621 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_mark ([$row, $col])
623 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_beg ([$row, $col])
625 =item ($row, $col) = $term->selection_end ([$row, $col])
627 Return the current values of the selection mark, begin or end positions,
628 and optionally set them to new values.
630 =item $success = $term->selection_grab ($eventtime)
632 Try to request the primary selection from the server (for example, as set
635 =item $oldtext = $term->selection ([$newtext])
637 Return the current selection text and optionally replace it by C<$newtext>.
639 #=item $term->overlay ($x, $y, $text)
641 #Create a simple multi-line overlay box. See the next method for details.
645 #sub urxvt::term::scr_overlay {
646 # my ($self, $x, $y, $text) = @_;
648 # my @lines = split /\n/, $text;
651 # for (map $self->strwidth ($_), @lines) {
652 # $w = $_ if $w < $_;
655 # $self->scr_overlay_new ($x, $y, $w, scalar @lines);
656 # $self->scr_overlay_set (0, $_, $lines[$_]) for 0.. $#lines;
659 =item $term->overlay ($x, $y, $width, $height[, $rstyle[, $border]])
661 Create a new (empty) overlay at the given position with the given
662 width/height. C<$rstyle> defines the initial rendition style
663 (default: C<OVERLAY_RSTYLE>).
665 If C<$border> is C<2> (default), then a decorative border will be put
668 If either C<$x> or C<$y> is negative, then this is counted from the
669 right/bottom side, respectively.
671 This method returns an urxvt::overlay object. The overlay will be visible
672 as long as the perl object is referenced.
674 The methods currently supported on C<urxvt::overlay> objects are:
678 =item $overlay->set ($x, $y, $text, $rend)
680 Similar to C<< $term->ROW_t >> and C<< $term->ROW_r >> in that it puts
681 text in rxvt-unicode's special encoding and an array of rendition values
682 at a specific position inside the overlay.
686 If visible, hide the overlay, but do not destroy it.
690 If hidden, display the overlay again.
694 =item $popup = $term->popup ($event)
696 Creates a new C<urxvt::popup> object that implements a popup menu. The
697 C<$event> I<must> be the event causing the menu to pop up (a button event,
702 sub urxvt::term::popup {
703 my ($self, $event) = @_;
705 $self->grab ($event->{time}, 1)
713 Scalar::Util::weaken $popup->{term};
715 $self->{_destroy}{$popup} = urxvt::destroy_hook { $popup->{popup}->destroy };
716 Scalar::Util::weaken $self->{_destroy}{$popup};
721 =item $cellwidth = $term->strwidth ($string)
723 Returns the number of screen-cells this string would need. Correctly
724 accounts for wide and combining characters.
726 =item $octets = $term->locale_encode ($string)
728 Convert the given text string into the corresponding locale encoding.
730 =item $string = $term->locale_decode ($octets)
732 Convert the given locale-encoded octets into a perl string.
734 =item $term->scr_add_lines ($string)
736 Write the given text string to the screen, as if output by the application
737 running inside the terminal. It may not contain command sequences (escape
738 codes), but is free to use line feeds, carriage returns and tabs. The
739 string is a normal text string, not in locale-dependent encoding.
741 Normally its not a good idea to use this function, as programs might be
742 confused by changes in cursor position or scrolling. Its useful inside a
743 C<on_add_lines> hook, though.
745 =item $term->cmd_parse ($octets)
747 Similar to C<scr_add_lines>, but the argument must be in the
748 locale-specific encoding of the terminal and can contain command sequences
749 (escape codes) that will be interpreted.
751 =item $term->tt_write ($octets)
753 Write the octets given in C<$data> to the tty (i.e. as program input). To
754 pass characters instead of octets, you should convert your strings first
755 to the locale-specific encoding using C<< $term->locale_encode >>.
757 =item $windowid = $term->parent
759 Return the window id of the toplevel window.
761 =item $windowid = $term->vt
763 Return the window id of the terminal window.
765 =item $window_width = $term->width
767 =item $window_height = $term->height
769 =item $font_width = $term->fwidth
771 =item $font_height = $term->fheight
773 =item $font_ascent = $term->fbase
775 =item $terminal_rows = $term->nrow
777 =item $terminal_columns = $term->ncol
779 =item $has_focus = $term->focus
781 =item $is_mapped = $term->mapped
783 =item $max_scrollback = $term->saveLines
785 =item $nrow_plus_saveLines = $term->total_rows
787 =item $lines_in_scrollback = $term->nsaved
789 Return various integers describing terminal characteristics.
791 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModLevel3Mask
793 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModMetaMask
795 =item $modifiermask = $term->ModNumLockMask
797 Return the modifier masks corresponding to the "ISO Level 3 Shift" (often
798 AltGr), the meta key (often Alt) and the num lock key, if applicable.
800 =item $view_start = $term->view_start ([$newvalue])
802 Returns the negative row number of the topmost line. Minimum value is
803 C<0>, which displays the normal terminal contents. Larger values scroll
804 this many lines into the scrollback buffer.
806 =item $term->want_refresh
808 Requests a screen refresh. At the next opportunity, rxvt-unicode will
809 compare the on-screen display with its stored representation. If they
810 differ, it redraws the differences.
812 Used after changing terminal contents to display them.
814 =item $text = $term->ROW_t ($row_number[, $new_text[, $start_col]])
816 Returns the text of the entire row with number C<$row_number>. Row C<0>
817 is the topmost terminal line, row C<< $term->$ncol-1 >> is the bottommost
818 terminal line. The scrollback buffer starts at line C<-1> and extends to
819 line C<< -$term->nsaved >>. Nothing will be returned if a nonexistent line
822 If C<$new_text> is specified, it will replace characters in the current
823 line, starting at column C<$start_col> (default C<0>), which is useful
824 to replace only parts of a line. The font index in the rendition will
825 automatically be updated.
827 C<$text> is in a special encoding: tabs and wide characters that use more
828 than one cell when displayed are padded with urxvt::NOCHAR characters
829 (C<chr 65535>). Characters with combining characters and other characters
830 that do not fit into the normal tetx encoding will be replaced with
831 characters in the private use area.
833 You have to obey this encoding when changing text. The advantage is
834 that C<substr> and similar functions work on screen cells and not on
837 The methods C<< $term->special_encode >> and C<< $term->special_decode >>
838 can be used to convert normal strings into this encoding and vice versa.
840 =item $rend = $term->ROW_r ($row_number[, $new_rend[, $start_col]])
842 Like C<< $term->ROW_t >>, but returns an arrayref with rendition
843 bitsets. Rendition bitsets contain information about colour, font, font
844 styles and similar information. See also C<< $term->ROW_t >>.
846 When setting rendition, the font mask will be ignored.
848 See the section on RENDITION, above.
850 =item $length = $term->ROW_l ($row_number[, $new_length])
852 Returns the number of screen cells that are in use ("the line
853 length"). Unlike the urxvt core, this returns C<< $term->ncol >> if the
854 line is joined with the following one.
856 =item $bool = $term->is_longer ($row_number)
858 Returns true if the row is part of a multiple-row logical "line" (i.e.
859 joined with the following row), which means all characters are in use
860 and it is continued on the next row (and possibly a continuation of the
863 =item $line = $term->line ($row_number)
865 Create and return a new C<urxvt::line> object that stores information
866 about the logical line that row C<$row_number> is part of. It supports the
871 =item $text = $line->t ([$new_text])
873 Returns or replaces the full text of the line, similar to C<ROW_t>
875 =item $rend = $line->r ([$new_rend])
877 Returns or replaces the full rendition array of the line, similar to C<ROW_r>
879 =item $length = $line->l
881 Returns the length of the line in cells, similar to C<ROW_l>.
883 =item $rownum = $line->beg
885 =item $rownum = $line->end
887 Return the row number of the first/last row of the line, respectively.
889 =item $offset = $line->offset_of ($row, $col)
891 Returns the character offset of the given row|col pair within the logical
894 =item ($row, $col) = $line->coord_of ($offset)
896 Translates a string offset into terminal coordinates again.
902 sub urxvt::term::line {
903 my ($self, $row) = @_;
905 my $maxrow = $self->nrow - 1;
907 my ($beg, $end) = ($row, $row);
909 --$beg while $self->ROW_is_longer ($beg - 1);
910 ++$end while $self->ROW_is_longer ($end) && $end < $maxrow;
917 len => ($end - $beg) * $self->ncol + $self->ROW_l ($end),
926 $self->{term}->ROW_t ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
927 for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
931 substr +(join "", map $self->{term}->ROW_t ($_), $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}),
940 $self->{term}->ROW_r ($_, $_[1], 0, ($_ - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol}, $self->{ncol})
941 for $self->{beg} .. $self->{end};
944 if (defined wantarray) {
946 map @{ $self->{term}->ROW_r ($_) }, $self->{beg} .. $self->{end}
948 $#$rend = $self->{len} - 1;
955 sub urxvt::line::beg { $_[0]{beg} }
956 sub urxvt::line::end { $_[0]{end} }
957 sub urxvt::line::l { $_[0]{len} }
959 sub urxvt::line::offset_of {
960 my ($self, $row, $col) = @_;
962 ($row - $self->{beg}) * $self->{ncol} + $col
965 sub urxvt::line::coord_of {
966 my ($self, $offset) = @_;
971 $offset / $self->{ncol} + $self->{beg},
972 $offset % $self->{ncol}
976 =item ($row, $col) = $line->coord_of ($offset)
977 =item $text = $term->special_encode $string
979 Converts a perl string into the special encoding used by rxvt-unicode,
980 where one character corresponds to one screen cell. See
981 C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
983 =item $string = $term->special_decode $text
985 Converts rxvt-unicodes text reprsentation into a perl string. See
986 C<< $term->ROW_t >> for details.
990 =head2 The C<urxvt::popup> Class
996 package urxvt::popup;
999 my ($self, $item) = @_;
1001 push @{ $self->{item} }, $item;
1005 my ($self, $text, $cb) = @_;
1007 $self->add_item ({ type => "button", text => "[ $text ]", activate => $cb,
1008 render => sub { $_[0]{text} },
1013 my ($self, $text, $cb, $value) = @_;
1015 $self->add_item ({ type => "button", text => " $text", value => $value,
1016 render => sub { ($_[0]{value} ? "✔" : " ") . substr $_[0]{text}, 1 },
1017 activate => sub { $cb->($_[0]{value} = !$_[0]{value}); },
1024 local $urxvt::popup::self = $self;
1026 urxvt->new ("--perl-lib" => "", "--perl-ext-common" => "", "-pty-fd" => -1, "-sl" => 0, "-b" => 0,
1027 "--transient-for" => $self->{term}->parent,
1028 "-pe" => "urxvt-popup")
1029 or die "unable to create popup window\n";
1035 $self->{term}->ungrab;
1038 =head2 The C<urxvt::timer> Class
1040 This class implements timer watchers/events. Time is represented as a
1041 fractional number of seconds since the epoch. Example:
1043 $term->{overlay} = $term->overlay (-1, 0, 8, 1, urxvt::OVERLAY_RSTYLE, 0);
1044 $term->{timer} = urxvt::timer
1048 $term->{overlay}->set (0, 0,
1049 sprintf "%2d:%02d:%02d", (localtime urxvt::NOW)[2,1,0]);
1054 =item $timer = new urxvt::timer
1056 Create a new timer object in started state. It is scheduled to fire
1059 =item $timer = $timer->cb (sub { my ($timer) = @_; ... })
1061 Set the callback to be called when the timer triggers.
1063 =item $tstamp = $timer->at
1065 Return the time this watcher will fire next.
1067 =item $timer = $timer->set ($tstamp)
1069 Set the time the event is generated to $tstamp.
1071 =item $timer = $timer->interval ($interval)
1073 Normally (and when C<$interval> is C<0>), the timer will automatically
1074 stop after it has fired once. If C<$interval> is non-zero, then the timer
1075 is automatically rescheduled at the given intervals.
1077 =item $timer = $timer->start
1081 =item $timer = $timer->start ($tstamp)
1083 Set the event trigger time to C<$tstamp> and start the timer.
1085 =item $timer = $timer->stop
1091 =head2 The C<urxvt::iow> Class
1093 This class implements io watchers/events. Example:
1095 $term->{socket} = ...
1096 $term->{iow} = urxvt::iow
1098 ->fd (fileno $term->{socket})
1099 ->events (1) # wait for read data
1102 my ($iow, $revents) = @_;
1103 # $revents must be 1 here, no need to check
1104 sysread $term->{socket}, my $buf, 8192
1111 =item $iow = new urxvt::iow
1113 Create a new io watcher object in stopped state.
1115 =item $iow = $iow->cb (sub { my ($iow, $reventmask) = @_; ... })
1117 Set the callback to be called when io events are triggered. C<$reventmask>
1118 is a bitset as described in the C<events> method.
1120 =item $iow = $iow->fd ($fd)
1122 Set the filedescriptor (not handle) to watch.
1124 =item $iow = $iow->events ($eventmask)
1126 Set the event mask to watch. Bit #0 (value C<1>) enables watching for read
1127 data, Bit #1 (value C<2>) enables watching for write data.
1129 =item $iow = $iow->start
1131 Start watching for requested events on the given handle.
1133 =item $iow = $iow->stop
1135 Stop watching for events on the given filehandle.
1141 =head2 URXVT_PERL_VERBOSITY
1143 This variable controls the verbosity level of the perl extension. Higher
1144 numbers indicate more verbose output.
1148 =item =0 - only fatal messages
1150 =item =3 - script loading and management
1152 =item =10 - all events received
1158 Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>
1159 http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/rxvt-unicode