*** empty log message ***
[dana/urxvt.git] / src / init.C
index 858e429..42e4033 100644 (file)
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 /*--------------------------------*-C-*---------------------------------*
- * File:       init.c
+ * File:        init.C
  *----------------------------------------------------------------------*
- * $Id: init.C,v 1.1 2003-11-24 17:28:08 pcg Exp $
  *
  * All portions of code are copyright by their respective author/s.
  * Copyright (c) 1992      John Bovey, University of Kent at Canterbury <jdb@ukc.ac.uk>
- *                             - original version
+ *                              - original version
  * Copyright (c) 1994      Robert Nation <nation@rocket.sanders.lockheed.com>
- *                             - extensive modifications
+ *                              - extensive modifications
  * Copyright (c) 1998-2001 Geoff Wing <gcw@pobox.com>
- *                             - extensive modifications
+ *                              - extensive modifications
  * Copyright (c) 1999      D J Hawkey Jr <hawkeyd@visi.com>
- *                             - QNX support
+ *                              - QNX support
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  * Initialisation routines.
  */
 
-#include "../config.h"         /* NECESSARY */
-#include "rxvt.h"              /* NECESSARY */
+#include "../config.h"          /* NECESSARY */
+#include "rxvt.h"               /* NECESSARY */
 #include "init.h"
 
 #include <signal.h>
 
-const char *const def_colorName[] = {
+const char *const def_colorName[] =
+  {
     COLOR_FOREGROUND,
     COLOR_BACKGROUND,
-/* low-intensity colors */
-    "Black",                   /* 0: black             (#000000) */
+    /* low-intensity colors */
+    "Black",                    /* 0: black             (#000000) */
 #ifndef NO_BRIGHTCOLOR
-    "Red3",                    /* 1: red               (#CD0000) */
-    "Green3",                  /* 2: green             (#00CD00) */
-    "Yellow3",                 /* 3: yellow            (#CDCD00) */
-    "Blue3",                   /* 4: blue              (#0000CD) */
-    "Magenta3",                        /* 5: magenta           (#CD00CD) */
-    "Cyan3",                   /* 6: cyan              (#00CDCD) */
+    "Red3",                     /* 1: red               (#CD0000) */
+    "Green3",                   /* 2: green             (#00CD00) */
+    "Yellow3",                  /* 3: yellow            (#CDCD00) */
+    "Blue3",                    /* 4: blue              (#0000CD) */
+    "Magenta3",                 /* 5: magenta           (#CD00CD) */
+    "Cyan3",                    /* 6: cyan              (#00CDCD) */
 # ifdef XTERM_COLORS
-    "Grey90",                  /* 7: white             (#E5E5E5) */
+    "Grey90",                   /* 7: white             (#E5E5E5) */
 # else
-    "AntiqueWhite",            /* 7: white             (#FAEBD7) */
+    "AntiqueWhite",             /* 7: white             (#FAEBD7) */
 # endif
-/* high-intensity colors */
+    /* high-intensity colors */
 # ifdef XTERM_COLORS
-    "Grey30",                  /* 8: bright black      (#4D4D4D) */
+    "Grey30",                   /* 8: bright black      (#4D4D4D) */
 # else
-    "Grey25",                  /* 8: bright black      (#404040) */
+    "Grey25",                   /* 8: bright black      (#404040) */
 # endif
-#endif                         /* NO_BRIGHTCOLOR */
-    "Red",                     /* 1/9: bright red      (#FF0000) */
-    "Green",                   /* 2/10: bright green   (#00FF00) */
-    "Yellow",                  /* 3/11: bright yellow  (#FFFF00) */
-    "Blue",                    /* 4/12: bright blue    (#0000FF) */
-    "Magenta",                 /* 5/13: bright magenta (#FF00FF) */
-    "Cyan",                    /* 6/14: bright cyan    (#00FFFF) */
-    "White",                   /* 7/15: bright white   (#FFFFFF) */
-#ifdef TTY_256COLOR
-    "rgb:00/00/00",            /* default 16-255 color table     */
-    "rgb:00/00/2a",
-    "rgb:00/00/55",
-    "rgb:00/00/7f",
-    "rgb:00/00/aa",
-    "rgb:00/00/d4",
-    "rgb:00/2a/00",
-    "rgb:00/2a/2a",
-    "rgb:00/2a/55",
-    "rgb:00/2a/7f",
-    "rgb:00/2a/aa",
-    "rgb:00/2a/d4",
-    "rgb:00/55/00",
-    "rgb:00/55/2a",
-    "rgb:00/55/55",
-    "rgb:00/55/7f",
-    "rgb:00/55/aa",
-    "rgb:00/55/d4",
-    "rgb:00/7f/00",
-    "rgb:00/7f/2a",
-    "rgb:00/7f/55",
-    "rgb:00/7f/7f",
-    "rgb:00/7f/aa",
-    "rgb:00/7f/d4",
-    "rgb:00/aa/00",
-    "rgb:00/aa/2a",
-    "rgb:00/aa/55",
-    "rgb:00/aa/7f",
-    "rgb:00/aa/aa",
-    "rgb:00/aa/d4",
-    "rgb:00/d4/00",
-    "rgb:00/d4/2a",
-    "rgb:00/d4/55",
-    "rgb:00/d4/7f",
-    "rgb:00/d4/aa",
-    "rgb:00/d4/d4",
-    "rgb:2a/00/00",
-    "rgb:2a/00/2a",
-    "rgb:2a/00/55",
-    "rgb:2a/00/7f",
-    "rgb:2a/00/aa",
-    "rgb:2a/00/d4",
-    "rgb:2a/2a/00",
-    "rgb:2a/2a/2a",
-    "rgb:2a/2a/55",
-    "rgb:2a/2a/7f",
-    "rgb:2a/2a/aa",
-    "rgb:2a/2a/d4",
-    "rgb:2a/55/00",
-    "rgb:2a/55/2a",
-    "rgb:2a/55/55",
-    "rgb:2a/55/7f",
-    "rgb:2a/55/aa",
-    "rgb:2a/55/d4",
-    "rgb:2a/7f/00",
-    "rgb:2a/7f/2a",
-    "rgb:2a/7f/55",
-    "rgb:2a/7f/7f",
-    "rgb:2a/7f/aa",
-    "rgb:2a/7f/d4",
-    "rgb:2a/aa/00",
-    "rgb:2a/aa/2a",
-    "rgb:2a/aa/55",
-    "rgb:2a/aa/7f",
-    "rgb:2a/aa/aa",
-    "rgb:2a/aa/d4",
-    "rgb:2a/d4/00",
-    "rgb:2a/d4/2a",
-    "rgb:2a/d4/55",
-    "rgb:2a/d4/7f",
-    "rgb:2a/d4/aa",
-    "rgb:2a/d4/d4",
-    "rgb:55/00/00",
-    "rgb:55/00/2a",
-    "rgb:55/00/55",
-    "rgb:55/00/7f",
-    "rgb:55/00/aa",
-    "rgb:55/00/d4",
-    "rgb:55/2a/00",
-    "rgb:55/2a/2a",
-    "rgb:55/2a/55",
-    "rgb:55/2a/7f",
-    "rgb:55/2a/aa",
-    "rgb:55/2a/d4",
-    "rgb:55/55/00",
-    "rgb:55/55/2a",
-    "rgb:55/55/55",
-    "rgb:55/55/7f",
-    "rgb:55/55/aa",
-    "rgb:55/55/d4",
-    "rgb:55/7f/00",
-    "rgb:55/7f/2a",
-    "rgb:55/7f/55",
-    "rgb:55/7f/7f",
-    "rgb:55/7f/aa",
-    "rgb:55/7f/d4",
-    "rgb:55/aa/00",
-    "rgb:55/aa/2a",
-    "rgb:55/aa/55",
-    "rgb:55/aa/7f",
-    "rgb:55/aa/aa",
-    "rgb:55/aa/d4",
-    "rgb:55/d4/00",
-    "rgb:55/d4/2a",
-    "rgb:55/d4/55",
-    "rgb:55/d4/7f",
-    "rgb:55/d4/aa",
-    "rgb:55/d4/d4",
-    "rgb:7f/00/00",
-    "rgb:7f/00/2a",
-    "rgb:7f/00/55",
-    "rgb:7f/00/7f",
-    "rgb:7f/00/aa",
-    "rgb:7f/00/d4",
-    "rgb:7f/2a/00",
-    "rgb:7f/2a/2a",
-    "rgb:7f/2a/55",
-    "rgb:7f/2a/7f",
-    "rgb:7f/2a/aa",
-    "rgb:7f/2a/d4",
-    "rgb:7f/55/00",
-    "rgb:7f/55/2a",
-    "rgb:7f/55/55",
-    "rgb:7f/55/7f",
-    "rgb:7f/55/aa",
-    "rgb:7f/55/d4",
-    "rgb:7f/7f/00",
-    "rgb:7f/7f/2a",
-    "rgb:7f/7f/55",
-    "rgb:7f/7f/7f",
-    "rgb:7f/7f/aa",
-    "rgb:7f/7f/d4",
-    "rgb:7f/aa/00",
-    "rgb:7f/aa/2a",
-    "rgb:7f/aa/55",
-    "rgb:7f/aa/7f",
-    "rgb:7f/aa/aa",
-    "rgb:7f/aa/d4",
-    "rgb:7f/d4/00",
-    "rgb:7f/d4/2a",
-    "rgb:7f/d4/55",
-    "rgb:7f/d4/7f",
-    "rgb:7f/d4/aa",
-    "rgb:7f/d4/d4",
-    "rgb:aa/00/00",
-    "rgb:aa/00/2a",
-    "rgb:aa/00/55",
-    "rgb:aa/00/7f",
-    "rgb:aa/00/aa",
-    "rgb:aa/00/d4",
-    "rgb:aa/2a/00",
-    "rgb:aa/2a/2a",
-    "rgb:aa/2a/55",
-    "rgb:aa/2a/7f",
-    "rgb:aa/2a/aa",
-    "rgb:aa/2a/d4",
-    "rgb:aa/55/00",
-    "rgb:aa/55/2a",
-    "rgb:aa/55/55",
-    "rgb:aa/55/7f",
-    "rgb:aa/55/aa",
-    "rgb:aa/55/d4",
-    "rgb:aa/7f/00",
-    "rgb:aa/7f/2a",
-    "rgb:aa/7f/55",
-    "rgb:aa/7f/7f",
-    "rgb:aa/7f/aa",
-    "rgb:aa/7f/d4",
-    "rgb:aa/aa/00",
-    "rgb:aa/aa/2a",
-    "rgb:aa/aa/55",
-    "rgb:aa/aa/7f",
-    "rgb:aa/aa/aa",
-    "rgb:aa/aa/d4",
-    "rgb:aa/d4/00",
-    "rgb:aa/d4/2a",
-    "rgb:aa/d4/55",
-    "rgb:aa/d4/7f",
-    "rgb:aa/d4/aa",
-    "rgb:aa/d4/d4",
-    "rgb:d4/00/00",
-    "rgb:d4/00/2a",
-    "rgb:d4/00/55",
-    "rgb:d4/00/7f",
-    "rgb:d4/00/aa",
-    "rgb:d4/00/d4",
-    "rgb:d4/2a/00",
-    "rgb:d4/2a/2a",
-    "rgb:d4/2a/55",
-    "rgb:d4/2a/7f",
-    "rgb:d4/2a/aa",
-    "rgb:d4/2a/d4",
-    "rgb:d4/55/00",
-    "rgb:d4/55/2a",
-    "rgb:d4/55/55",
-    "rgb:d4/55/7f",
-    "rgb:d4/55/aa",
-    "rgb:d4/55/d4",
-    "rgb:d4/7f/00",
-    "rgb:d4/7f/2a",
-    "rgb:d4/7f/55",
-    "rgb:d4/7f/7f",
-    "rgb:d4/7f/aa",
-    "rgb:d4/7f/d4",
-    "rgb:d4/aa/00",
-    "rgb:d4/aa/2a",
-    "rgb:d4/aa/55",
-    "rgb:d4/aa/7f",
-    "rgb:d4/aa/aa",
-    "rgb:d4/aa/d4",
-    "rgb:d4/d4/00",
-    "rgb:d4/d4/2a",
-    "rgb:d4/d4/55",
-    "rgb:d4/d4/7f",
-    "rgb:d4/d4/aa",
-    "rgb:d4/d4/d4",
-    "rgb:08/08/08",
-    "rgb:12/12/12",
-    "rgb:1c/1c/1c",
-    "rgb:26/26/26",
-    "rgb:30/30/30",
-    "rgb:3a/3a/3a",
-    "rgb:44/44/44",
-    "rgb:4e/4e/4e",
-    "rgb:58/58/58",
-    "rgb:62/62/62",
-    "rgb:6c/6c/6c",
-    "rgb:76/76/76",
-    "rgb:80/80/80",
-    "rgb:8a/8a/8a",
-    "rgb:94/94/94",
-    "rgb:9e/9e/9e",
-    "rgb:a8/a8/a8",
-    "rgb:b2/b2/b2",
-    "rgb:bc/bc/bc",
-    "rgb:c6/c6/c6",
+#endif                          /* NO_BRIGHTCOLOR */
+    "Red",                      /* 1/9: bright red      (#FF0000) */
+    "Green",                    /* 2/10: bright green   (#00FF00) */
+    "Yellow",                   /* 3/11: bright yellow  (#FFFF00) */
+    "Blue",                     /* 4/12: bright blue    (#0000FF) */
+    "Magenta",                  /* 5/13: bright magenta (#FF00FF) */
+    "Cyan",                     /* 6/14: bright cyan    (#00FFFF) */
+    "White",                    /* 7/15: bright white   (#FFFFFF) */
+
+    // 88 xterm colours
+    "rgb:00/00/00",
+    "rgb:00/00/8b",
+    "rgb:00/00/cd",
+    "rgb:00/00/ff",
+    "rgb:00/8b/00",
+    "rgb:00/8b/8b",
+    "rgb:00/8b/cd",
+    "rgb:00/8b/ff",
+    "rgb:00/cd/00",
+    "rgb:00/cd/8b",
+    "rgb:00/cd/cd",
+    "rgb:00/cd/ff",
+    "rgb:00/ff/00",
+    "rgb:00/ff/8b",
+    "rgb:00/ff/cd",
+    "rgb:00/ff/ff",
+    "rgb:8b/00/00",
+    "rgb:8b/00/8b",
+    "rgb:8b/00/cd",
+    "rgb:8b/00/ff",
+    "rgb:8b/8b/00",
+    "rgb:8b/8b/8b",
+    "rgb:8b/8b/cd",
+    "rgb:8b/8b/ff",
+    "rgb:8b/cd/00",
+    "rgb:8b/cd/8b",
+    "rgb:8b/cd/cd",
+    "rgb:8b/cd/ff",
+    "rgb:8b/ff/00",
+    "rgb:8b/ff/8b",
+    "rgb:8b/ff/cd",
+    "rgb:8b/ff/ff",
+    "rgb:cd/00/00",
+    "rgb:cd/00/8b",
+    "rgb:cd/00/cd",
+    "rgb:cd/00/ff",
+    "rgb:cd/8b/00",
+    "rgb:cd/8b/8b",
+    "rgb:cd/8b/cd",
+    "rgb:cd/8b/ff",
+    "rgb:cd/cd/00",
+    "rgb:cd/cd/8b",
+    "rgb:cd/cd/cd",
+    "rgb:cd/cd/ff",
+    "rgb:cd/ff/00",
+    "rgb:cd/ff/8b",
+    "rgb:cd/ff/cd",
+    "rgb:cd/ff/ff",
+    "rgb:ff/00/00",
+    "rgb:ff/00/8b",
+    "rgb:ff/00/cd",
+    "rgb:ff/00/ff",
+    "rgb:ff/8b/00",
+    "rgb:ff/8b/8b",
+    "rgb:ff/8b/cd",
+    "rgb:ff/8b/ff",
+    "rgb:ff/cd/00",
+    "rgb:ff/cd/8b",
+    "rgb:ff/cd/cd",
+    "rgb:ff/cd/ff",
+    "rgb:ff/ff/00",
+    "rgb:ff/ff/8b",
+    "rgb:ff/ff/cd",
+    "rgb:ff/ff/ff",
+    "rgb:2e/2e/2e",
+    "rgb:5c/5c/5c",
+    "rgb:73/73/73",
+    "rgb:8b/8b/8b",
+    "rgb:a2/a2/a2",
+    "rgb:b9/b9/b9",
     "rgb:d0/d0/d0",
-    "rgb:da/da/da",
-    "rgb:e4/e4/e4",
-    "rgb:ee/ee/ee",
-#endif
+    "rgb:e7/e7/e7",
+
 #ifndef NO_CURSORCOLOR
     COLOR_CURSOR_BACKGROUND,
     COLOR_CURSOR_FOREGROUND,
-#endif                         /* ! NO_CURSORCOLOR */
-    NULL,                      /* Color_pointer                  */
-    NULL,                      /* Color_border                   */
+#endif                          /* ! NO_CURSORCOLOR */
+    NULL,                       /* Color_pointer_fg               */
+    NULL,                       /* Color_pointer_bg               */
+    NULL,                       /* Color_border                   */
 #ifndef NO_BOLD_UNDERLINE_REVERSE
-    NULL,                      /* Color_BD                       */
-    NULL,                      /* Color_UL                       */
-    NULL,                      /* Color_RV                       */
-#endif                         /* ! NO_BOLD_UNDERLINE_REVERSE */
+    NULL,                       /* Color_BD                       */
+    NULL,                       /* Color_IT                       */
+    NULL,                       /* Color_UL                       */
+    NULL,                       /* Color_RV                       */
+#endif                          /* ! NO_BOLD_UNDERLINE_REVERSE */
 #ifdef OPTION_HC
     NULL,
 #endif
 #ifdef KEEP_SCROLLCOLOR
     COLOR_SCROLLBAR,
     COLOR_SCROLLTROUGH,
-#endif                         /* KEEP_SCROLLCOLOR */
-};
+#endif                          /* KEEP_SCROLLCOLOR */
+#if TINTING
+    NULL,
+#endif
+  };
 
-const char *const xa_names[NUM_XA] = {
-    "COMPOUND_TEXT",
-    "MULTIPLE",        
-    "TARGETS", 
+const char *const xa_names[NUM_XA] =
+  {
     "TEXT",
+    "COMPOUND_TEXT",
+    "UTF8_STRING",
+    "MULTIPLE",
+    "TARGETS",
     "TIMESTAMP",
     "VT_SELECTION",
     "INCR",
@@ -347,430 +188,376 @@ const char *const xa_names[NUM_XA] = {
     "DndSelection",
 #endif
     "CLIPBOARD"
-};
+  };
 
-/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* substitute system functions */
-#if defined(__svr4__) && ! defined(_POSIX_VERSION)
-/* INTPROTO */
-int
-rxvt_getdtablesize(void)
-{
-    struct rlimit   rlim;
-
-    getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim);
-    return rlim.rlim_cur;
-}
-#endif
-/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* EXTPROTO */
-int
-rxvt_init_vars(pR)
+bool
+rxvt_term::init_vars ()
 {
-    struct rxvt_hidden *h;
-
-#ifndef NULLS_ARE_NOT_ZEROS
-    MEMSET(R, 0, sizeof(rxvt_t));
+  pix_colors_focused = new rxvt_color [TOTAL_COLORS];
+#ifdef OFF_FOCUS_FADING
+  pix_colors_unfocused = new rxvt_color [TOTAL_COLORS];
 #endif
-    h = R->h = (struct rxvt_hidden *)rxvt_calloc(1, sizeof(struct rxvt_hidden));
+  pix_colors = pix_colors_focused;
 
-    R->PixColors = (rxvt_color *)rxvt_malloc(sizeof(rxvt_color) * TOTAL_COLORS);
-    if (R->h == NULL || R->PixColors == NULL)
-       return -1;
+  if (pix_colors == NULL)
+    return false;
 
 #if defined(XPM_BACKGROUND) || defined(TRANSPARENT)
-    R->TermWin.pixmap = None;
-#endif
-#ifdef UTMP_SUPPORT
-    h->next_utmp_action = SAVE;
-#endif
-#ifndef NO_SETOWNER_TTYDEV
-    h->next_tty_action = SAVE;
-#endif
-    h->MEvent.time = CurrentTime;
-    h->MEvent.button = AnyButton;
-    R->Options = DEFAULT_OPTIONS;
-    h->want_refresh = 1;
-    h->cmd_pid = -1;
-    R->cmd_fd = R->tty_fd = R->Xfd = -1;
-    h->PrivateModes = h->SavedModes = PrivMode_Default;
-    R->TermWin.focus = 1;
-    R->TermWin.ncol = 80;
-    R->TermWin.nrow = 24;
-    R->TermWin.int_bwidth = INTERNALBORDERWIDTH;
-    R->TermWin.ext_bwidth = EXTERNALBORDERWIDTH;
-    R->TermWin.lineSpace = LINESPACE;
-    R->TermWin.saveLines = SAVELINES;
-    R->numPixColors = TOTAL_COLORS;
-#ifndef NO_NEW_SELECTION
-    R->selection_style = NEW_SELECT;
-#else
-    R->selection_style = OLD_SELECT;
-#endif
-#ifndef NO_BRIGHTCOLOR
-    h->colorfgbg = DEFAULT_RSTYLE;
+  TermWin.pixmap = None;
 #endif
-#if defined (HOTKEY_CTRL) || defined (HOTKEY_META)
-    h->ks_bigfont = XK_greater;
-    h->ks_smallfont = XK_less;
-#endif
-#ifdef GREEK_SUPPORT
-    h->ks_greekmodeswith = GREEK_KEYBOARD_MODESWITCH;
-#endif
-    h->refresh_limit = 1;
-    h->refresh_type = SLOW_REFRESH;
-    h->prev_nrow = h->prev_ncol = 0;
-#ifdef MULTICHAR_SET
-# ifdef MULTICHAR_ENCODING
-    R->encoding_method = MULTICHAR_ENCODING;
-# endif
-    h->multichar_decode = rxvt_euc2jis;
-#endif
-    h->oldcursor.row = h->oldcursor.col = -1;
+
+  MEvent.time = CurrentTime;
+  MEvent.button = AnyButton;
+  options = DEFAULT_OPTIONS;
+  want_refresh = 1;
+  cmd_pid = -1;
+  pty.pty = pty.tty = -1;
+  priv_modes = SavedModes = PrivMode_Default;
+  TermWin.focus = 0;
+  TermWin.ncol = 80;
+  TermWin.nrow = 24;
+  TermWin.int_bwidth = INTERNALBORDERWIDTH;
+  TermWin.ext_bwidth = EXTERNALBORDERWIDTH;
+  TermWin.lineSpace = LINESPACE;
+  TermWin.saveLines = SAVELINES;
+  numpix_colors = TOTAL_COLORS;
+
+  refresh_limit = 1;
+  refresh_type = SLOW_REFRESH;
+  prev_nrow = prev_ncol = 0;
+
+  oldcursor.row = oldcursor.col = -1;
 #ifdef XPM_BACKGROUND
-/*  h->bgPixmap.w = h->bgPixmap.h = 0; */
-    h->bgPixmap.x = h->bgPixmap.y = 50;
-    h->bgPixmap.pixmap = None;
+  /*  bgPixmap.w = bgPixmap.h = 0; */
+  bgPixmap.x = bgPixmap.y = 50;
+  bgPixmap.pixmap = None;
 #endif
-    h->last_bot = h->last_state = -1;
+
+  last_bot = last_state = -1;
+
 #ifdef MENUBAR
-    h->menu_readonly = 1;
-# if !(MENUBAR_MAX > 1)
-    h->CurrentBar = &(h->BarList);
-# endif                                /* (MENUBAR_MAX > 1) */
+  menu_readonly = 1;
+# if ! (MENUBAR_MAX > 1)
+  CurrentBar = & (BarList);
+# endif                         /* (MENUBAR_MAX > 1) */
 #endif
-    return 0;
+
+  return true;
 }
 
-/* EXTPROTO */
 void
-rxvt_init_secondary(pR)
+rxvt_term::init_secondary ()
 {
-    int             i;
-#ifdef TTY_GID_SUPPORT
-    struct group   *gr = getgrnam("tty");
-
-    if (gr) {          /* change group ownership of tty to "tty" */
-       R->h->ttymode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP;
-       R->h->ttygid = gr->gr_gid;
-    } else
-#endif                         /* TTY_GID_SUPPORT */
+  int i;
+
+  /*
+   * Close all unused file descriptors
+   * We don't want them, we don't need them.
+   */
+  if ((i = open ("/dev/null", O_RDONLY)) < 0)
     {
-       R->h->ttymode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH;
-       R->h->ttygid = getgid();
+      /* TODO: BOO HISS */
+      dup2 (STDERR_FILENO, STDIN_FILENO);
+    }
+  else if (i > STDIN_FILENO)
+    {
+      dup2 (i, STDIN_FILENO);
+      close (i);
     }
-#if defined(HAVE_XSETLOCALE) || defined(HAVE_SETLOCALE)
-    R->h->locale = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
-#endif
 
-/* get number of available file descriptors */
-#if defined(_POSIX_VERSION) || ! defined(__svr4__)
-    R->num_fds = (int)sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
-#else
-    R->num_fds = rxvt_getdtablesize();
-#endif
+  dup2 (STDERR_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
 
-/*
- * Close all unused file descriptors
- * We don't want them, we don't need them.
- */
-    if ((i = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
-       /* TODO: BOO HISS */
-       dup2(STDERR_FILENO, STDIN_FILENO);
-    } else if (i > STDIN_FILENO) {
-       dup2(i, STDIN_FILENO);
-       close(i);
-    }
-    dup2(STDERR_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
-    for (i = STDERR_FILENO + 1; i < R->num_fds; i++) {
-#ifdef __sgi                   /* Alex Coventry says we need 4 & 7 too */
-       if (i == 4 || i == 7)
-           continue;
+#if 0 // schmorp sayz closing filies is murder
+  for (i = STDERR_FILENO + 1; i < num_fds; i++)
+    {
+#ifdef __sgi                    /* Alex Coventry says we need 4 & 7 too */
+      if (i == 4 || i == 7)
+        continue;
 #endif
-       close(i);
+      close (i);
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* EXTPROTO */
-const char    **
-rxvt_init_resources(pR_ int argc, const char *const *argv)
+const char **
+rxvt_term::init_resources (int argc, const char *const *argv)
 {
-    int             i, r_argc;
-    char           *val;
-    const char    **cmd_argv, **r_argv;
-    const char    **rs;
+  int i, r_argc;
+  char *val;
+  const char **cmd_argv, **r_argv;
 
-/*
- * Look for -exec option.  Find => split and make cmd_argv[] of command args
- */
-    for (r_argc = 0; r_argc < argc; r_argc++)
-       if (!STRCMP(argv[r_argc], "-e") || !STRCMP(argv[r_argc], "-exec"))
-           break;
-    r_argv = (const char **)rxvt_malloc(sizeof(char *) * (r_argc + 1));
-
-    for (i = 0; i < r_argc; i++)
-       r_argv[i] = (const char *)argv[i];
-    r_argv[i] = NULL;
-    if (r_argc == argc)
-       cmd_argv = NULL;
-    else {
-       cmd_argv = (const char **)rxvt_malloc(sizeof(char *) * (argc - r_argc));
-
-       for (i = 0; i < argc - r_argc - 1; i++)
-           cmd_argv[i] = (const char *)argv[i + r_argc + 1];
-       cmd_argv[i] = NULL;
+  /*
+   * Look for -exec option.  Find => split and make cmd_argv[] of command args
+   */
+  for (r_argc = 0; r_argc < argc; r_argc++)
+    if (!strcmp (argv[r_argc], "-e") || !strcmp (argv[r_argc], "-exec"))
+      break;
+
+  r_argv = (const char **)rxvt_malloc (sizeof (char *) * (r_argc + 1));
+
+  for (i = 0; i < r_argc; i++)
+    r_argv[i] = (const char *)argv[i];
+
+  r_argv[i] = NULL;
+
+  if (r_argc == argc)
+    cmd_argv = NULL;
+  else
+    {
+      cmd_argv = (const char **)rxvt_malloc (sizeof (char *) * (argc - r_argc));
+
+      for (i = 0; i < argc - r_argc - 1; i++)
+        cmd_argv[i] = (const char *)argv[i + r_argc + 1];
+
+      cmd_argv[i] = NULL;
     }
 
-/* clear all resources */
-    rs = R->h->rs;
-    for (i = 0; i < NUM_RESOURCES;)
-       rs[i++] = NULL;
+  rs[Rs_name] = rxvt_r_basename (argv[0]);
 
-    rs[Rs_name] = rxvt_r_basename(argv[0]);
-/*
- * Open display, get options/resources and create the window
- */
-    if ((rs[Rs_display_name] = getenv("DISPLAY")) == NULL)
-       rs[Rs_display_name] = ":0";
+  /*
+   * Open display, get options/resources and create the window
+   */
+  if ((rs[Rs_display_name] = getenv ("DISPLAY")) == NULL)
+    rs[Rs_display_name] = ":0";
 
-    rxvt_get_options(aR_ r_argc, r_argv);
-    free(r_argv);
+  get_options (r_argc, r_argv);
+  free (r_argv);
 
 #ifdef LOCAL_X_IS_UNIX
-    if (rs[Rs_display_name][0] == ':') {
-       val = rxvt_malloc(5 + STRLEN(rs[Rs_display_name]));
-       STRCPY(val, "unix");
-       STRCAT(val, rs[Rs_display_name]);
-       R->Xdisplay = XOpenDisplay(val);
-       free(val);
+  if (rs[Rs_display_name][0] == ':')
+    {
+      val = rxvt_malloc (5 + strlen (rs[Rs_display_name]));
+      strcpy (val, "unix");
+      strcat (val, rs[Rs_display_name]);
+      display = displays.get (val);
+      free (val);
     }
 #endif
 
-    if (R->Xdisplay == NULL
-       && (R->Xdisplay = XOpenDisplay(rs[Rs_display_name])) == NULL) {
-       rxvt_print_error("can't open display %s", rs[Rs_display_name]);
-       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
+  if (!display
+      && ! (display = displays.get (rs[Rs_display_name])))
+    rxvt_fatal ("can't open display %s, aborting.\n", rs[Rs_display_name]);
 
-    rxvt_extract_resources(aR_ R->Xdisplay, rs[Rs_name]);
+  extract_resources (display->display, rs[Rs_name]);
 
-/*
- * set any defaults not already set
- */
-    if (cmd_argv && cmd_argv[0]) {
-       if (!rs[Rs_title])
-           rs[Rs_title] = rxvt_r_basename(cmd_argv[0]);
-       if (!rs[Rs_iconName])
-           rs[Rs_iconName] = rs[Rs_title];
-    } else {
-       if (!rs[Rs_title])
-           rs[Rs_title] = rs[Rs_name];
-       if (!rs[Rs_iconName])
-           rs[Rs_iconName] = rs[Rs_name];
+  /*
+   * set any defaults not already set
+   */
+  if (cmd_argv && cmd_argv[0])
+    {
+      if (!rs[Rs_title])
+        rs[Rs_title] = rxvt_r_basename (cmd_argv[0]);
+      if (!rs[Rs_iconName])
+        rs[Rs_iconName] = rs[Rs_title];
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      if (!rs[Rs_title])
+        rs[Rs_title] = rs[Rs_name];
+      if (!rs[Rs_iconName])
+        rs[Rs_iconName] = rs[Rs_name];
     }
-    if (rs[Rs_saveLines] && (i = atoi(rs[Rs_saveLines])) >= 0)
-       R->TermWin.saveLines = BOUND_POSITIVE_INT16(i);
-#ifndef NO_FRILLS
-    if (rs[Rs_int_bwidth] && (i = atoi(rs[Rs_int_bwidth])) >= 0)
-       R->TermWin.int_bwidth = min(i, 100);    /* arbitrary limit */
-    if (rs[Rs_ext_bwidth] && (i = atoi(rs[Rs_ext_bwidth])) >= 0)
-       R->TermWin.ext_bwidth = min(i, 100);    /* arbitrary limit */
+
+  if (rs[Rs_saveLines] && (i = atoi (rs[Rs_saveLines])) >= 0)
+    TermWin.saveLines = BOUND_POSITIVE_INT16 (i);
+
+#if ENABLE_FRILLS
+  if (rs[Rs_int_bwidth] && (i = atoi (rs[Rs_int_bwidth])) >= 0)
+    TermWin.int_bwidth = min (i, 100);    /* arbitrary limit */
+  if (rs[Rs_ext_bwidth] && (i = atoi (rs[Rs_ext_bwidth])) >= 0)
+    TermWin.ext_bwidth = min (i, 100);    /* arbitrary limit */
 #endif
+
 #ifndef NO_LINESPACE
-    if (rs[Rs_lineSpace] && (i = atoi(rs[Rs_lineSpace])) >= 0)
-       R->TermWin.lineSpace = min(i, 100);     /* arbitrary limit */
+  if (rs[Rs_lineSpace] && (i = atoi (rs[Rs_lineSpace])) >= 0)
+    TermWin.lineSpace = min (i, 100);     /* arbitrary limit */
 #endif
 
 #ifdef POINTER_BLANK
-    if (rs[Rs_pointerBlankDelay] && (i = atoi(rs[Rs_pointerBlankDelay])) >= 0)
-       R->h->pointerBlankDelay = i;
-    else
-       R->h->pointerBlankDelay = 2;
+  if (rs[Rs_pointerBlankDelay] && (i = atoi (rs[Rs_pointerBlankDelay])) >= 0)
+    pointerBlankDelay = i;
+  else
+    pointerBlankDelay = 2;
 #endif
 
-/* no point having a scrollbar without having any scrollback! */
-    if (!R->TermWin.saveLines)
-       R->Options &= ~Opt_scrollBar;
+  /* no point having a scrollbar without having any scrollback! */
+  if (!TermWin.saveLines)
+    options &= ~Opt_scrollBar;
 
 #ifdef PRINTPIPE
-    if (!rs[Rs_print_pipe])
-       rs[Rs_print_pipe] = PRINTPIPE;
-#endif
-    if (!rs[Rs_cutchars])
-       rs[Rs_cutchars] = CUTCHARS;
-#ifdef ACS_ASCII
-    if (!rs[Rs_acs_chars])
-       rs[Rs_acs_chars] = ACS_CHARS;
-    if ((i = STRLEN(rs[Rs_acs_chars])) < 0x20) {
-       val = rxvt_realloc((void *)rs[Rs_acs_chars], 0x20);
-       for (; i < 0x20; )
-           val[i] = ' ';
-       rs[Rs_acs_chars] = val;
-    }
+  if (!rs[Rs_print_pipe])
+    rs[Rs_print_pipe] = PRINTPIPE;
 #endif
+
+  if (!rs[Rs_cutchars])
+    rs[Rs_cutchars] = CUTCHARS;
+
 #ifndef NO_BACKSPACE_KEY
-    if (!rs[Rs_backspace_key])
+  if (!rs[Rs_backspace_key])
 # ifdef DEFAULT_BACKSPACE
-       R->h->key_backspace = DEFAULT_BACKSPACE;
+    key_backspace = DEFAULT_BACKSPACE;
 # else
-       R->h->key_backspace = "DEC";    /* can toggle between \010 or \177 */
+    key_backspace = "DEC";       /* can toggle between \010 or \177 */
 # endif
-    else {
-       val = STRDUP(rs[Rs_backspace_key]);
-       rxvt_Str_trim(val);
-       rxvt_Str_escaped(val);
-       R->h->key_backspace = val;
+  else
+    {
+      val = strdup (rs[Rs_backspace_key]);
+      rxvt_Str_trim (val);
+      rxvt_Str_escaped (val);
+      key_backspace = val;
     }
 #endif
+
 #ifndef NO_DELETE_KEY
-    if (!rs[Rs_delete_key])
+  if (!rs[Rs_delete_key])
 # ifdef DEFAULT_DELETE
-       R->h->key_delete = DEFAULT_DELETE;
+    key_delete = DEFAULT_DELETE;
 # else
-       R->h->key_delete = "\033[3~";
+    key_delete = "\033[3~";
 # endif
-    else {
-       val = STRDUP(rs[Rs_delete_key]);
-       rxvt_Str_trim(val);
-       rxvt_Str_escaped(val);
-       R->h->key_delete = val;
-    }
-#endif
-    if (rs[Rs_answerbackstring]) {
-       rxvt_Str_trim((char *)rs[Rs_answerbackstring]);
-       rxvt_Str_escaped((char *)rs[Rs_answerbackstring]);
+  else
+    {
+      val = strdup (rs[Rs_delete_key]);
+      rxvt_Str_trim (val);
+      rxvt_Str_escaped (val);
+      key_delete = val;
     }
-
-    if (rs[Rs_selectstyle]) {
-       if (STRNCASECMP(rs[Rs_selectstyle], "oldword", 7) == 0)
-           R->selection_style = OLD_WORD_SELECT;
-#ifndef NO_OLD_SELECTION
-       else if (STRNCASECMP(rs[Rs_selectstyle], "old", 3) == 0)
-           R->selection_style = OLD_SELECT;
 #endif
+  if (rs[Rs_answerbackstring])
+    {
+      rxvt_Str_trim ((char *)rs[Rs_answerbackstring]);
+      rxvt_Str_escaped ((char *)rs[Rs_answerbackstring]);
     }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SCROLLBARS
-    rxvt_setup_scrollbar(aR_ rs[Rs_scrollBar_align], rs[Rs_scrollstyle],
-                        rs[Rs_scrollBar_thickness]);
+  setup_scrollbar (rs[Rs_scrollBar_align], rs[Rs_scrollstyle], rs[Rs_scrollBar_thickness]);
 #endif
 
-    R->TermWin.fontset = new rxvt_fontset (aR);
-    R->TermWin.fontset->populate (rs[Rs_font]);
-    R->TermWin.fwidth  = R->TermWin.fontset->base_font ()->width;
-    R->TermWin.fheight = R->TermWin.fontset->base_font ()->height;
-    R->TermWin.fbase   = R->TermWin.fontset->base_font ()->ascent;
-
 #ifdef XTERM_REVERSE_VIDEO
-/* this is how xterm implements reverseVideo */
-    if (R->Options & Opt_reverseVideo) {
-       if (!rs[Rs_color + Color_fg])
-           rs[Rs_color + Color_fg] = def_colorName[Color_bg];
-       if (!rs[Rs_color + Color_bg])
-           rs[Rs_color + Color_bg] = def_colorName[Color_fg];
+  /* this is how xterm implements reverseVideo */
+  if (options & Opt_reverseVideo)
+    {
+      if (!rs[Rs_color + Color_fg])
+        rs[Rs_color + Color_fg] = def_colorName[Color_bg];
+      if (!rs[Rs_color + Color_bg])
+        rs[Rs_color + Color_bg] = def_colorName[Color_fg];
     }
 #endif
 
-    for (i = 0; i < NRS_COLORS; i++)
-       if (!rs[Rs_color + i])
-           rs[Rs_color + i] = def_colorName[i];
+  for (i = 0; i < NRS_COLORS; i++)
+    if (!rs[Rs_color + i])
+      rs[Rs_color + i] = def_colorName[i];
 
 #ifndef XTERM_REVERSE_VIDEO
-/* this is how we implement reverseVideo */
-    if (R->Options & Opt_reverseVideo)
-       SWAP_IT(rs[Rs_color + Color_fg], rs[Rs_color + Color_bg], const char *);
+  /* this is how we implement reverseVideo */
+  if (options & Opt_reverseVideo)
+    SWAP_IT (rs[Rs_color + Color_fg], rs[Rs_color + Color_bg], const char *);
 #endif
 
-/* convenient aliases for setting fg/bg to colors */
-    rxvt_color_aliases(aR_ Color_fg);
-    rxvt_color_aliases(aR_ Color_bg);
+  /* convenient aliases for setting fg/bg to colors */
+  color_aliases (Color_fg);
+  color_aliases (Color_bg);
 #ifndef NO_CURSORCOLOR
-    rxvt_color_aliases(aR_ Color_cursor);
-    rxvt_color_aliases(aR_ Color_cursor2);
-#endif                         /* NO_CURSORCOLOR */
-    rxvt_color_aliases(aR_ Color_pointer);
-    rxvt_color_aliases(aR_ Color_border);
+  color_aliases (Color_cursor);
+  color_aliases (Color_cursor2);
+#endif                          /* NO_CURSORCOLOR */
+  color_aliases (Color_pointer_fg);
+  color_aliases (Color_pointer_bg);
+  color_aliases (Color_border);
 #ifndef NO_BOLD_UNDERLINE_REVERSE
-    rxvt_color_aliases(aR_ Color_BD);
-    rxvt_color_aliases(aR_ Color_UL);
-    rxvt_color_aliases(aR_ Color_RV);
-#endif                         /* ! NO_BOLD_UNDERLINE_REVERSE */
+  color_aliases (Color_BD);
+  color_aliases (Color_UL);
+  color_aliases (Color_RV);
+#endif                          /* ! NO_BOLD_UNDERLINE_REVERSE */
 
-    return cmd_argv;
+  if (!rs[Rs_color + Color_border])
+    rs[Rs_color + Color_border] = rs[Rs_color + Color_bg];
+
+  return cmd_argv;
 }
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* EXTPROTO */
 void
-rxvt_init_env(pR)
+rxvt_term::init_env ()
 {
-    int             i;
-    unsigned int    u;
-    char           *val;
+  int i;
+  unsigned int u;
+  char *val;
 
 #ifdef DISPLAY_IS_IP
-/* Fixup display_name for export over pty to any interested terminal
- * clients via "ESC[7n" (e.g. shells).  Note we use the pure IP number
- * (for the first non-loopback interface) that we get from
- * rxvt_network_display().  This is more "name-resolution-portable", if you
- * will, and probably allows for faster x-client startup if your name
- * server is beyond a slow link or overloaded at client startup.  Of
- * course that only helps the shell's child processes, not us.
- *
- * Giving out the display_name also affords a potential security hole
- */
-    val = rxvt_network_display(R->h->rs[Rs_display_name]);
-    R->h->rs[Rs_display_name] = (const char *)val;
-    if (val == NULL)
-#endif                         /* DISPLAY_IS_IP */
-       val = XDisplayString(R->Xdisplay);
-    if (R->h->rs[Rs_display_name] == NULL)
-       R->h->rs[Rs_display_name] = val;        /* use broken `:0' value */
-
-    i = STRLEN(val);
-    R->h->env_display = (char *)rxvt_malloc((i + 9) * sizeof(char));
-
-    sprintf(R->h->env_display, "DISPLAY=%s", val);
-
-    /* avoiding the math library:
-     * i = (int)(ceil(log10((unsigned int)R->TermWin.parent[0]))) */
-    for (i = 0, u = (unsigned int)R->TermWin.parent[0]; u; u /= 10, i++) ;
-    MAX_IT(i, 1);
-    R->h->env_windowid = (char *)rxvt_malloc((i + 10) * sizeof(char));
-
-    sprintf(R->h->env_windowid, "WINDOWID=%u",
-           (unsigned int)R->TermWin.parent[0]);
-
-/* add entries to the environment:
- * @ DISPLAY:   in case we started with -display
- * @ WINDOWID:  X window id number of the window
- * @ COLORTERM: terminal sub-name and also indicates its color
- * @ TERM:      terminal name
- * @ TERMINFO: path to terminfo directory
- */
-    putenv(R->h->env_display);
-    putenv(R->h->env_windowid);
+  /* Fixup display_name for export over pty to any interested terminal
+   * clients via "ESC[7n" (e.g. shells).  Note we use the pure IP number
+   * (for the first non-loopback interface) that we get from
+   * rxvt_network_display ().  This is more "name-resolution-portable", if you
+   * will, and probably allows for faster x-client startup if your name
+   * server is beyond a slow link or overloaded at client startup.  Of
+   * course that only helps the shell's child processes, not us.
+   *
+   * Giving out the display_name also affords a potential security hole
+   */
+  val = rxvt_network_display (rs[Rs_display_name]);
+  rs[Rs_display_name] = (const char *)val;
+
+  if (val == NULL)
+#endif                          /* DISPLAY_IS_IP */
+    val = XDisplayString (display->display);
+
+  if (rs[Rs_display_name] == NULL)
+    rs[Rs_display_name] = val;   /* use broken `:0' value */
+
+  i = strlen (val);
+  env_display = (char *)rxvt_malloc ((i + 9) * sizeof (char));
+
+  sprintf (env_display, "DISPLAY=%s", val);
+
+  /* avoiding the math library:
+   * i = (int) (ceil (log10 ((unsigned int)TermWin.parent[0]))) */
+  for (i = 0, u = (unsigned int)TermWin.parent[0]; u; u /= 10, i++)
+    ;
+  MAX_IT (i, 1);
+  env_windowid = (char *)rxvt_malloc ((i + 10) * sizeof (char));
+
+  sprintf (env_windowid, "WINDOWID=%u",
+           (unsigned int)TermWin.parent[0]);
+
+  /* add entries to the environment:
+   * @ DISPLAY:   in case we started with -display
+   * @ WINDOWID:  X window id number of the window
+   * @ COLORTERM: terminal sub-name and also indicates its color
+   * @ TERM:      terminal name
+   * @ TERMINFO:  path to terminfo directory
+   * @ COLORFGBG: fg;bg color codes
+   */
+  putenv (env_display);
+  putenv (env_windowid);
+  if (env_colorfgbg)
+    putenv (env_colorfgbg);
+
 #ifdef RXVT_TERMINFO
-    putenv("TERMINFO=" RXVT_TERMINFO);
+  putenv ("TERMINFO=" RXVT_TERMINFO);
 #endif
-    if (XDEPTH <= 2)
-       putenv("COLORTERM=" COLORTERMENV "-mono");
-    else
-       putenv("COLORTERM=" COLORTERMENVFULL);
-    if (R->h->rs[Rs_term_name] != NULL) {
-       R->h->env_term = (char *)rxvt_malloc((STRLEN(R->h->rs[Rs_term_name]) + 6) * sizeof(char));
-       sprintf(R->h->env_term, "TERM=%s", R->h->rs[Rs_term_name]);
-       putenv(R->h->env_term);
-    } else
-       putenv("TERM=" TERMENV);
+
+  if (display->depth <= 2)
+    putenv ("COLORTERM=" COLORTERMENV "-mono");
+  else
+    putenv ("COLORTERM=" COLORTERMENVFULL);
+
+  if (rs[Rs_term_name] != NULL)
+    {
+      env_term = (char *)rxvt_malloc ((strlen (rs[Rs_term_name]) + 6) * sizeof (char));
+      sprintf (env_term, "TERM=%s", rs[Rs_term_name]);
+      putenv (env_term);
+    }
+  else
+    putenv ("TERM=" TERMENV);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_UNSETENV
-/* avoid passing old settings and confusing term size */
-    unsetenv("LINES");
-    unsetenv("COLUMNS");
-    unsetenv("TERMCAP");       /* terminfo should be okay */
-#endif                         /* HAVE_UNSETENV */
+  /* avoid passing old settings and confusing term size */
+  unsetenv ("LINES");
+  unsetenv ("COLUMNS");
+  unsetenv ("TERMCAP");        /* terminfo should be okay */
+#endif                          /* HAVE_UNSETENV */
 }
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
@@ -778,221 +565,264 @@ rxvt_init_env(pR)
  * This is more or less stolen straight from XFree86 xterm.
  * This should support all European type languages.
  */
-/* EXTPROTO */
 void
-rxvt_init_xlocale(pR)
+rxvt_term::set_locale (const char *locale)
+{
+#if HAVE_XSETLOCALE || HAVE_SETLOCALE
+  free (this->locale);
+  this->locale = setlocale (LC_CTYPE, locale);
+
+  if (!this->locale)
+    {
+      if (*locale)
+        {
+          rxvt_warn ("unable to set locale \"%s\", using default locale instead.\n", locale);
+          setlocale (LC_CTYPE, "");
+        }
+      else
+        rxvt_warn ("default locale unavailable, check LC_* and LANG variables. Continuing.\n");
+
+      this->locale = "";
+    }
+
+
+  this->locale = rxvt_strdup (this->locale);
+  SET_LOCALE (this->locale);
+  mbstate.reset ();
+#endif
+#if 0
+#if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+  free (codeset);
+  codeset = strdup (nl_langinfo (CODESET));
+  enc_utf8 = !strcasecmp (codeset, "UTF-8")
+             || !strcasecmp (codeset, "UTF8");
+#else
+  enc_utf8 = 1;
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+rxvt_term::init_xlocale ()
 {
 #ifdef USE_XIM
-    if (R->h->locale == NULL)
-       rxvt_print_error("Setting locale failed.");
-    else {
-       Atom            wmlocale;
-
-       wmlocale = XInternAtom(R->Xdisplay, "WM_LOCALE_NAME", False);
-       XChangeProperty(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.parent[0], wmlocale,
-                       XA_STRING, 8, PropModeReplace,
-                       (unsigned char *)R->h->locale, STRLEN(R->h->locale));
-
-       if (XSupportsLocale() != True) {
-           rxvt_print_error("The locale is not supported by Xlib");
-           return;
-       }
-       rxvt_setTermFontSet(aR_ 0);
-
-       /* see if we can connect yet */
-       rxvt_IMInstantiateCallback(R->Xdisplay, NULL, NULL);
-
-       /* To avoid Segmentation Fault in C locale: Solaris only? */
-       if (STRCMP(R->h->locale, "C"))
-           XRegisterIMInstantiateCallback(R->Xdisplay, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                          rxvt_IMInstantiateCallback, NULL);
+  if (!locale)
+    rxvt_warn ("setting locale failed, working without locale support.\n");
+  else
+    {
+      Atom wmlocale;
+
+      wmlocale = XInternAtom (display->display, "WM_LOCALE_NAME", False);
+      XChangeProperty (display->display, TermWin.parent[0], wmlocale,
+                       XA_STRING, 8, PropModeReplace,
+                       (unsigned char *)locale, strlen (locale));
+
+      if (!XSupportsLocale ())
+        {
+          rxvt_warn ("the locale is not supported by Xlib, working withotu locale support.\n");
+          return;
+        }
+
+      im_ev.start (display);
+
+      /* see if we can connect already */
+      im_cb ();
     }
 #endif
 }
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* EXTPROTO */
 void
-rxvt_init_command(pR_ const char *const *argv)
+rxvt_term::init_command (const char *const *argv)
 {
-/*
- * Initialize the command connection.
- * This should be called after the X server connection is established.
- */
-    int             i;
+  /*
  * Initialize the command connection.
  * This should be called after the X server connection is established.
  */
+  int i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < NUM_XA; i++)
-       R->h->xa[i] = XInternAtom(R->Xdisplay, xa_names[i], False);
+  for (i = 0; i < NUM_XA; i++)
+    xa[i] = XInternAtom (display->display, xa_names[i], False);
 
-/* Enable delete window protocol */
-    XSetWMProtocols(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.parent[0],
-                   &(R->h->xa[XA_WMDELETEWINDOW]), 1);
+  /* Enable delete window protocol */
+  XSetWMProtocols (display->display, TermWin.parent[0],
+                   & (xa[XA_WMDELETEWINDOW]), 1);
 
 #ifdef USING_W11LIB
-/* enable W11 callbacks */
-    W11AddEventHandler(R->Xdisplay, rxvt_W11_process_x_event);
+  /* enable W11 callbacks */
+  W11AddEventHandler (display->display, rxvt_W11_process_x_event);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef META8_OPTION
-    R->h->meta_char = (R->Options & Opt_meta8 ? 0x80 : C0_ESC);
+  meta_char = (options & Opt_meta8 ? 0x80 : C0_ESC);
 #endif
-    rxvt_get_ourmods(aR);
-    if (!(R->Options & Opt_scrollTtyOutput))
-       R->h->PrivateModes |= PrivMode_TtyOutputInh;
-    if (R->Options & Opt_scrollTtyKeypress)
-       R->h->PrivateModes |= PrivMode_Keypress;
-    if (!(R->Options & Opt_jumpScroll))
-       R->h->PrivateModes |= PrivMode_smoothScroll;
+
+  get_ourmods ();
+
+  if (!(options & Opt_scrollTtyOutput))
+    priv_modes |= PrivMode_TtyOutputInh;
+  if (options & Opt_scrollTtyKeypress)
+    priv_modes |= PrivMode_Keypress;
+  if (!(options & Opt_jumpScroll))
+    priv_modes |= PrivMode_smoothScroll;
+
 #ifndef NO_BACKSPACE_KEY
-    if (STRCMP(R->h->key_backspace, "DEC") == 0)
-       R->h->PrivateModes |= PrivMode_HaveBackSpace;
+  if (strcmp (key_backspace, "DEC") == 0)
+    priv_modes |= PrivMode_HaveBackSpace;
 #endif
-/* add value for scrollBar */
-    if (scrollbar_visible(R)) {
-       R->h->PrivateModes |= PrivMode_scrollBar;
-       R->h->SavedModes |= PrivMode_scrollBar;
+
+  /* add value for scrollBar */
+  if (scrollbar_visible ())
+    {
+      priv_modes |= PrivMode_scrollBar;
+      SavedModes |= PrivMode_scrollBar;
     }
-    if (menubar_visible(R)) {
-       R->h->PrivateModes |= PrivMode_menuBar;
-       R->h->SavedModes |= PrivMode_menuBar;
+  if (menubar_visible ())
+    {
+      priv_modes |= PrivMode_menuBar;
+      SavedModes |= PrivMode_menuBar;
     }
-#ifdef GREEK_SUPPORT
-    greek_init();
-#endif
-
-    R->Xfd = XConnectionNumber(R->Xdisplay);
 
 #ifdef CURSOR_BLINK
-    if (R->Options & Opt_cursorBlink)
-       (void)gettimeofday(&R->h->lastcursorchange, NULL);
+  if (options & Opt_cursorBlink)
+    (void)gettimeofday (&lastcursorchange, NULL);
 #endif
 
-    if ((R->cmd_fd = rxvt_run_command(aR_ argv)) < 0) {
-       rxvt_print_error("aborting");
-       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
+  run_command (argv);
 }
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* INTPROTO */
 void
-rxvt_Get_Colours(pR)
+rxvt_term::Get_Colours ()
 {
-    int             i;
+  int i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < (XDEPTH <= 2 ? 2 : NRS_COLORS); i++) {
-       rxvt_color          xcol;
+#ifdef OFF_FOCUS_FADING
+  pix_colors = pix_colors_focused;
+#endif
+  
+  for (i = 0; i < (display->depth <= 2 ? 2 : NRS_COLORS); i++)
+    {
+      rxvt_color xcol;
 
-       if (!R->h->rs[Rs_color + i])
-           continue;
+      if (!rs[Rs_color + i])
+        continue;
 
-       if (!rxvt_rXParseAllocColor(aR_ &xcol, R->h->rs[Rs_color + i])) {
+      if (!rXParseAllocColor (&xcol, rs[Rs_color + i]))
+        {
 #ifndef XTERM_REVERSE_VIDEO
-           if (i < 2 && (R->Options & Opt_reverseVideo)) {
-               R->h->rs[Rs_color + i] = def_colorName[!i];
-           } else
+          if (i < 2 && (options & Opt_reverseVideo))
+            rs[Rs_color + i] = def_colorName[!i];
+          else
 #endif
-               R->h->rs[Rs_color + i] = def_colorName[i];
-           if (!R->h->rs[Rs_color + i])
-               continue;
-           if (!rxvt_rXParseAllocColor(aR_ &xcol, R->h->rs[Rs_color + i])) {
-               switch (i) {
-               case Color_fg:
-               case Color_bg:
-                   /* fatal: need bg/fg color */
-                   rxvt_print_error("aborting");
-                   exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-               /* NOTREACHED */
-                   break;
+            rs[Rs_color + i] = def_colorName[i];
+
+          if (!rs[Rs_color + i])
+            continue;
+
+          if (!rXParseAllocColor (&xcol, rs[Rs_color + i]))
+            {
+              switch (i)
+                {
+                  case Color_fg:
+                  case Color_bg:
+                    /* fatal: need bg/fg color */
+                    rxvt_fatal ("unable to get foreground/background colour, aborting.\n");
+                    /* NOTREACHED */
+                    break;
 #ifndef NO_CURSORCOLOR
-               case Color_cursor2:
-                   xcol = R->PixColors[Color_fg];
-                   break;
-#endif                         /* ! NO_CURSORCOLOR */
-               case Color_pointer:
-                   xcol = R->PixColors[Color_fg];
-                   break;
-               default:
-                   xcol = R->PixColors[Color_bg];      /* None */
-                   break;
-               }
-           }
-       }
-       R->PixColors[i] = xcol;
-       SET_PIXCOLOR(R->h, i);
+                  case Color_cursor2:
+                    xcol = pix_colors[Color_fg];
+                    break;
+#endif                          /* ! NO_CURSORCOLOR */
+                  case Color_pointer_fg:
+                    xcol = pix_colors[Color_fg];
+                    break;
+                  default:
+                    xcol = pix_colors[Color_bg];      /* None */
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+      pix_colors[i] = xcol;
+#ifdef OFF_FOCUS_FADING
+      if (rs[Rs_fade])
+        pix_colors_unfocused[i] = xcol.fade (display, atoi (rs[Rs_fade]));
+#endif
+      SET_PIXCOLOR (i);
     }
 
-    if (XDEPTH <= 2 || !R->h->rs[Rs_color + Color_pointer])
-       R->PixColors[Color_pointer] = R->PixColors[Color_fg];
-    if (XDEPTH <= 2 || !R->h->rs[Rs_color + Color_border])
-       R->PixColors[Color_border] = R->PixColors[Color_fg];
+  if (display->depth <= 2)
+    {
+      if (!rs[Rs_color + Color_pointer_fg]) pix_colors[Color_pointer_fg] = pix_colors[Color_fg];
+      if (!rs[Rs_color + Color_pointer_bg]) pix_colors[Color_pointer_bg] = pix_colors[Color_bg];
+      if (!rs[Rs_color + Color_border]    ) pix_colors[Color_border]     = pix_colors[Color_fg];
+    }
 
-/*
- * get scrollBar/menuBar shadow colors
- *
- * The calculations of topShadow/bottomShadow values are adapted
- * from the fvwm window manager.
- */
+  /*
  * get scrollBar/menuBar shadow colors
  *
  * The calculations of topShadow/bottomShadow values are adapted
  * from the fvwm window manager.
  */
 #ifdef KEEP_SCROLLCOLOR
-    if (XDEPTH <= 2) { /* Monochrome */
-       R->PixColors[Color_scroll] = R->PixColors[Color_fg];
-       R->PixColors[Color_topShadow] = R->PixColors[Color_bg];
-       R->PixColors[Color_bottomShadow] = R->PixColors[Color_bg];
-    } else {
-       rxvt_color          xcol[3];
-       /* xcol[0] == white
-        * xcol[1] == top shadow
-        * xcol[2] == bot shadow */
-
-       xcol[1] = R->PixColors[Color_scroll];
-# ifdef PREFER_24BIT
-        xcol[0].set (r, -1, -1, -1);
-/*        XFreeColors(R->Xdisplay, XCMAP, &(xcol[0].pixel), 1, ~0); */
-# else
-        xcol[0].set (WhitePixel(R->Xdisplay, Xscreen));
-# endif
 
-        unsigned short R1, G1, B1, R0, G0, B0;
+  if (display->depth <= 2)
+    {  /* Monochrome */
+      pix_colors[Color_scroll]       = pix_colors[Color_fg];
+      pix_colors[Color_topShadow]    = pix_colors[Color_bg];
+      pix_colors[Color_bottomShadow] = pix_colors[Color_bg];
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      rxvt_color xcol[2];
+      /* xcol[0] == white
+       * xcol[1] == top shadow
+       * xcol[2] == bot shadow */
+
+      xcol[1] = pix_colors[Color_scroll];
+      xcol[0].set (display, 65535, 65535, 65535);
 
-        xcol[0].get (r, R0, G0, B0);
-        xcol[1].get (r, R1, G1, B1);
+      unsigned short pr1, pg1, pb1, pr0, pg0, pb0;
 
-       /* bottomShadowColor */
-        if (!xcol[2].set (aR_ R1 / 2, G1 / 2, B1 / 2))
-           xcol[2] = R->PixColors[Color_Black];
+      xcol[0].get (display, pr0, pg0, pb0);
+      xcol[1].get (display, pr1, pg1, pb1);
 
-       R->PixColors[Color_bottomShadow] = xcol[2];
+      pix_colors[Color_bottomShadow] = xcol[1].fade (display, 50);
 
-       /* topShadowColor */
-        if (!xcol[1].set (aR_
-                          min (R0, max (R0 / 5, R1) * 7 / 5),
-                          min (G0, max (G0 / 5, G1) * 7 / 5),
-                          min (B0, max (B0 / 5, B1) * 7 / 5)))
-           xcol[1] = R->PixColors[Color_White];
+      /* topShadowColor */
+      if (!xcol[1].set (display,
+                        min (pr0, max (pr0 / 5, pr1) * 7 / 5),
+                        min (pg0, max (pg0 / 5, pg1) * 7 / 5),
+                        min (pb0, max (pb0 / 5, pb1) * 7 / 5)))
+        xcol[1] = pix_colors[Color_White];
 
-       R->PixColors[Color_topShadow] = xcol[1];
+      pix_colors[Color_topShadow] = xcol[1];
     }
-#endif                         /* KEEP_SCROLLCOLOR */
+#endif                          /* KEEP_SCROLLCOLOR */
 }
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /* color aliases, fg/bg bright-bold */
-/* INTPROTO */
 void
-rxvt_color_aliases(pR_ int idx)
+rxvt_term::color_aliases (int idx)
 {
-    if (R->h->rs[Rs_color + idx] && isdigit(*(R->h->rs[Rs_color + idx]))) {
-       int             i = atoi(R->h->rs[Rs_color + idx]);
+  if (rs[Rs_color + idx] && isdigit (* (rs[Rs_color + idx])))
+    {
+      int i = atoi (rs[Rs_color + idx]);
 
-       if (i >= 8 && i <= 15) {        /* bright colors */
-           i -= 8;
+      if (i >= 8 && i <= 15)
+        {        /* bright colors */
+          i -= 8;
 #ifndef NO_BRIGHTCOLOR
-           R->h->rs[Rs_color + idx] = R->h->rs[Rs_color + minBrightCOLOR + i];
-           return;
+          rs[Rs_color + idx] = rs[Rs_color + minBrightCOLOR + i];
+          return;
 #endif
-       }
-       if (i >= 0 && i <= 7)   /* normal colors */
-           R->h->rs[Rs_color + idx] = R->h->rs[Rs_color + minCOLOR + i];
+        }
+
+      if (i >= 0 && i <= 7)   /* normal colors */
+        rs[Rs_color + idx] = rs[Rs_color + minCOLOR + i];
     }
 }
 
@@ -1001,701 +831,774 @@ rxvt_color_aliases(pR_ int idx)
  * Probe the modifier keymap to get the Meta (Alt) and Num_Lock settings
  * Use resource ``modifier'' to override the Meta modifier
  */
-/* INTPROTO */
 void
-rxvt_get_ourmods(pR)
+rxvt_term::get_ourmods ()
 {
-    int             i, j, k;
-    int             requestedmeta, realmeta, realalt;
-    const char     *cm, *rsmod;
-    XModifierKeymap *map;
-    KeyCode        *kc;
-    const unsigned int modmasks[] =
-       { Mod1Mask, Mod2Mask, Mod3Mask, Mod4Mask, Mod5Mask };
-
-    requestedmeta = realmeta = realalt = 0;
-    rsmod = R->h->rs[Rs_modifier];
-    if (rsmod
-       && STRCASECMP(rsmod, "mod1") >= 0 && STRCASECMP(rsmod, "mod5") <= 0)
-       requestedmeta = rsmod[3] - '0';
-
-    map = XGetModifierMapping(R->Xdisplay);
-    kc = map->modifiermap;
-    for (i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
-       k = (i + 2) * map->max_keypermod;       /* skip shift/lock/control */
-       for (j = map->max_keypermod; j--; k++) {
-           if (kc[k] == 0)
-               break;
-           switch (XKeycodeToKeysym(R->Xdisplay, kc[k], 0)) {
-           case XK_Num_Lock:
-               R->h->ModNumLockMask = modmasks[i - 1];
-               /* FALLTHROUGH */
-           default:
-               continue;       /* for(;;) */
-           case XK_Meta_L:
-           case XK_Meta_R:
-               cm = "meta";
-               realmeta = i;
-               break;
-           case XK_Alt_L:
-           case XK_Alt_R:
-               cm = "alt";
-               realalt = i;
-               break;
-           case XK_Super_L:
-           case XK_Super_R:
-               cm = "super";
-               break;
-           case XK_Hyper_L:
-           case XK_Hyper_R:
-               cm = "hyper";
-               break;
-           }
-           if (rsmod && STRNCASECMP(rsmod, cm, STRLEN(cm)) == 0)
-               requestedmeta = i;
-       }
+  int             i, j, k;
+  int             requestedmeta, realmeta, realalt;
+  const char     *cm, *rsmod;
+  XModifierKeymap *map;
+  KeyCode        *kc;
+  const unsigned int modmasks[] =
+    {
+      Mod1Mask, Mod2Mask, Mod3Mask, Mod4Mask, Mod5Mask
+    };
+
+  requestedmeta = realmeta = realalt = 0;
+  rsmod = rs[Rs_modifier];
+  if (rsmod
+      && strcasecmp (rsmod, "mod1") >= 0 && strcasecmp (rsmod, "mod5") <= 0)
+    requestedmeta = rsmod[3] - '0';
+
+  map = XGetModifierMapping (display->display);
+  kc = map->modifiermap;
+  for (i = 1; i < 6; i++)
+    {
+      k = (i + 2) * map->max_keypermod;       /* skip shift/lock/control */
+      for (j = map->max_keypermod; j--; k++)
+        {
+          if (kc[k] == 0)
+            break;
+          switch (XKeycodeToKeysym (display->display, kc[k], 0))
+            {
+              case XK_Num_Lock:
+                ModNumLockMask = modmasks[i - 1];
+                /* FALLTHROUGH */
+              default:
+                continue;       /* for (;;) */
+              case XK_Meta_L:
+              case XK_Meta_R:
+                cm = "meta";
+                realmeta = i;
+                break;
+              case XK_Alt_L:
+              case XK_Alt_R:
+                cm = "alt";
+                realalt = i;
+                break;
+              case XK_Super_L:
+              case XK_Super_R:
+                cm = "super";
+                break;
+              case XK_Hyper_L:
+              case XK_Hyper_R:
+                cm = "hyper";
+                break;
+            }
+          if (rsmod && strncasecmp (rsmod, cm, strlen (cm)) == 0)
+            requestedmeta = i;
+        }
     }
-    XFreeModifiermap(map);
-    i = (requestedmeta ? requestedmeta
-                      : (realmeta ? realmeta
-                                  : (realalt ? realalt : 0)));
-    if (i)
-       R->h->ModMetaMask = modmasks[i - 1];
+  XFreeModifiermap (map);
+  i = (requestedmeta ? requestedmeta
+       : (realmeta ? realmeta
+          : (realalt ? realalt : 0)));
+  if (i)
+    ModMetaMask = modmasks[i - 1];
 }
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/* rxvt_Create_Windows() - Open and map the window */
-/* EXTPROTO */
+/* rxvt_Create_Windows () - Open and map the window */
 void
-rxvt_Create_Windows(pR_ int argc, const char *const *argv)
+rxvt_term::create_windows (int argc, const char *const *argv)
 {
-    XClassHint      classHint;
-    XWMHints        wmHint;
-    XGCValues       gcvalue;
-    long            vt_emask;
-
-#ifdef PREFER_24BIT
-    XSetWindowAttributes attributes;
-    XWindowAttributes gattr;
+  XClassHint classHint;
+  XWMHints wmHint;
+#if ENABLE_FRILLS
+  Atom prop = None;
+  MWMHints mwmhints;
+#endif
+  XGCValues gcvalue;
+  long vt_emask;
+  XSetWindowAttributes attributes;
+  XWindowAttributes gattr;
 
-    XCMAP = DefaultColormap(R->Xdisplay, Xscreen);
-    XVISUAL = DefaultVisual(R->Xdisplay, Xscreen);
+  if (options & Opt_transparent)
+    {
+      XGetWindowAttributes (display->display, RootWindow (display->display, display->screen), &gattr);
+      display->depth = gattr.depth; // doh //TODO, per-term not per-display?
+    }
 
-#ifdef POINTER_BLANK
-    static rxvt_color blackcolour;
-    blackcolour.set (r, 0, 0, 0);
+#if ENABLE_FRILLS
+  if (options & Opt_borderLess)
+    {
+      prop = XInternAtom(display->display, "_MOTIF_WM_INFO", True);
+      if (prop == None)
+        {
+          /*     print_warning("Window Manager does not support MWM hints.  Bypassing window manager control for borderless window.\n");*/
+#ifdef PREFER_24BIT
+          attributes.override_redirect = TRUE;
 #endif
-    if (R->Options & Opt_transparent) {
-       XGetWindowAttributes(R->Xdisplay, RootWindow(R->Xdisplay, Xscreen),
-                            &gattr);
-       XDEPTH = gattr.depth;
-    } else {
-       XDEPTH = DefaultDepth(R->Xdisplay, Xscreen);
-/*
- * If depth is not 24, look for a 24bit visual.
- */
-       if (XDEPTH != 24) {
-           XVisualInfo     vinfo;
-
-           if (XMatchVisualInfo(R->Xdisplay, Xscreen, 24, TrueColor, &vinfo)) {
-               XDEPTH = 24;
-               XVISUAL = vinfo.visual;
-               XCMAP = XCreateColormap(R->Xdisplay,
-                                       RootWindow(R->Xdisplay, Xscreen),
-                                       XVISUAL, AllocNone);
-           }
-       }
+          mwmhints.flags = 0;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          mwmhints.flags = MWM_HINTS_DECORATIONS;
+          mwmhints.decorations = 0;
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      mwmhints.flags = 0;
     }
 #endif
 
-/* grab colors before netscape does */
-    rxvt_Get_Colours(aR);
+  /* grab colors before netscape does */
+  Get_Colours ();
 
-    rxvt_change_font(aR_ 1, NULL);
-    rxvt_window_calc(aR_ 0, 0);
-    R->h->old_width = R->szHint.width;
-    R->h->old_height = R->szHint.height;
+  if (!set_fonts ())
+    rxvt_fatal ("unable to load base fontset, please specify one using -fn, aborting.\n");
 
-/* parent window - reverse video so we can see placement errors
- * sub-window placement & size in rxvt_resize_subwindows()
- */
+  window_calc (0, 0);
+  old_width = szHint.width;
+  old_height = szHint.height;
+
+  /* sub-window placement & size in rxvt_resize_subwindows () */
 
 #ifdef PREFER_24BIT
-    attributes.background_pixel = R->PixColors[Color_fg];
-    attributes.border_pixel = R->PixColors[Color_border];
-    attributes.colormap = XCMAP;
-    R->TermWin.parent[0] = XCreateWindow(R->Xdisplay, Xroot,
-                                        R->szHint.x, R->szHint.y,
-                                        R->szHint.width, R->szHint.height,
-                                        R->TermWin.ext_bwidth,
-                                        XDEPTH, InputOutput,
-                                        XVISUAL,
-                                        CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel
-                                        | CWColormap, &attributes);
+  attributes.background_pixel = pix_colors_focused[Color_border];
+  attributes.border_pixel = pix_colors_focused[Color_border];
+  attributes.colormap = display->cmap;
+  TermWin.parent[0] = XCreateWindow (display->display, DefaultRootWindow (display->display),
+                                     szHint.x, szHint.y,
+                                     szHint.width, szHint.height,
+                                     TermWin.ext_bwidth,
+                                     display->depth, InputOutput,
+                                     display->visual,
+                                     CWColormap | CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel, &attributes);
 #else
-    R->TermWin.parent[0] = XCreateSimpleWindow(R->Xdisplay, Xroot,
-                                              R->szHint.x, R->szHint.y,
-                                              R->szHint.width,
-                                              R->szHint.height,
-                                              R->TermWin.ext_bwidth,
-                                              R->PixColors[Color_border],
-                                              R->PixColors[Color_fg]);
-#endif
-    rxvt_xterm_seq(aR_ XTerm_title, R->h->rs[Rs_title], CHAR_ST);
-    rxvt_xterm_seq(aR_ XTerm_iconName, R->h->rs[Rs_iconName], CHAR_ST);
-
-    classHint.res_name = (char *)R->h->rs[Rs_name];
-    classHint.res_class = (char *)APL_CLASS;
-
-    wmHint.flags = (InputHint | StateHint | WindowGroupHint);
-    wmHint.input = True;
-    wmHint.initial_state = (R->Options & Opt_iconic ? IconicState
-                                                   : NormalState);
-    wmHint.window_group = R->TermWin.parent[0];
-
-    XSetWMProperties(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.parent[0], NULL, NULL,
-                    (char **)argv, argc, &R->szHint, &wmHint, &classHint);
-    XSelectInput(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.parent[0],
-                (KeyPressMask
-#if defined(MOUSE_WHEEL) && defined(MOUSE_SLIP_WHEELING)
-                 | KeyReleaseMask
+  TermWin.parent[0] = XCreateSimpleWindow (display->display, DefaultRootWindow (display->display),
+                                           szHint.x, szHint.y,
+                                           szHint.width, szHint.height,
+                                           TermWin.ext_bwidth,
+                                           pix_colors_focused[Color_border],
+                                           pix_colors_focused[Color_border]);
 #endif
-                 | FocusChangeMask | VisibilityChangeMask
-                 | StructureNotifyMask));
 
-/* vt cursor: Black-on-White is standard, but this is more popular */
-    R->TermWin_cursor = XCreateFontCursor(R->Xdisplay, XC_xterm);
+  process_xterm_seq (XTerm_title, rs[Rs_title], CHAR_ST);
+  process_xterm_seq (XTerm_iconName, rs[Rs_iconName], CHAR_ST);
 
-#if defined(HAVE_SCROLLBARS) || defined(MENUBAR)
-/* cursor (menuBar/scrollBar): Black-on-White */
-    R->h->pointer_leftptr = XCreateFontCursor(R->Xdisplay, XC_left_ptr);
-#endif
+  classHint.res_name = (char *)rs[Rs_name];
+  classHint.res_class = (char *)RESCLASS;
 
-#ifdef POINTER_BLANK
-    R->h->pointer_blank = XCreateGlyphCursor(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.font->fid,
-                                            R->TermWin.font->fid, ' ', ' ',
-                                            &blackcolour, &blackcolour);
-#endif
+  wmHint.flags = InputHint | StateHint | WindowGroupHint;
+  wmHint.input = True;
+  wmHint.initial_state = options & Opt_iconic ? IconicState : NormalState;
+  wmHint.window_group = TermWin.parent[0];
 
-/* the vt window */
-    R->TermWin.vt = XCreateSimpleWindow(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.parent[0],
-                                       R->h->window_vt_x, R->h->window_vt_y,
-                                       TermWin_TotalWidth(),
-                                       TermWin_TotalHeight(),
-                                       0,
-                                       R->PixColors[Color_fg],
-                                       R->PixColors[Color_bg]);
-#ifdef DEBUG_X
-    XStoreName(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.vt, "vt window");
-#endif
-    rxvt_pointer_unblank(aR);
-    vt_emask = (ExposureMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask
-               | PropertyChangeMask);
-#ifdef POINTER_BLANK
-    if ((R->Options & Opt_pointerBlank))
-       vt_emask |= PointerMotionMask;
-    else
-#endif
-       vt_emask |= (Button1MotionMask | Button3MotionMask);
-    XSelectInput(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.vt, vt_emask);
+  XSetWMProperties (display->display, TermWin.parent[0], NULL, NULL,
+                    (char **)argv, argc, &szHint, &wmHint, &classHint);
 
-#if defined(MENUBAR) && (MENUBAR_MAX > 1)
-    if (menuBar_height()) {
-       R->menuBar.win = XCreateSimpleWindow(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.parent[0],
-                                            R->h->window_vt_x, 0,
-                                            TermWin_TotalWidth(),
-                                            menuBar_TotalHeight(),
-                                            0,
-                                            R->PixColors[Color_fg],
-                                            R->PixColors[Color_scroll]);
-#ifdef DEBUG_X
-    XStoreName(R->Xdisplay, R->menuBar.win, "menubar");
+#if ENABLE_FRILLS
+  long pid = getpid ();
+  XChangeProperty (display->display, TermWin.parent[0],
+                   display->atom ("_NET_WM_PID"), XA_CARDINAL, 32,
+                   PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&pid, 1);
 #endif
-       XDefineCursor(R->Xdisplay, R->menuBar.win, R->h->pointer_leftptr);
-       XSelectInput(R->Xdisplay, R->menuBar.win,
-                    (ExposureMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask
-                     | Button1MotionMask));
-    }
+
+  XSelectInput (display->display, TermWin.parent[0],
+                KeyPressMask
+#if (MOUSE_WHEEL && MOUSE_SLIP_WHEELING) || ENABLE_FRILLS || ISO_14755
+                | KeyReleaseMask
 #endif
-#ifdef XPM_BACKGROUND
-    if (R->h->rs[Rs_backgroundPixmap] != NULL
-       && !(R->Options & Opt_transparent)) {
-       const char     *p = R->h->rs[Rs_backgroundPixmap];
-
-       if ((p = STRCHR(p, ';')) != NULL) {
-           p++;
-           rxvt_scale_pixmap(aR_ p);
-       }
-       rxvt_set_bgPixmap(aR_ R->h->rs[Rs_backgroundPixmap]);
-       rxvt_scr_touch(aR_ True);
+                | FocusChangeMask | VisibilityChangeMask
+                | ExposureMask
+                | StructureNotifyMask);
+  termwin_ev.start (display, TermWin.parent[0]);
+
+#if ENABLE_FRILLS
+  if (mwmhints.flags)
+    {
+      prop = XInternAtom (display->display, "_MOTIF_WM_HINTS", False);
+      XChangeProperty (display->display, TermWin.parent[0], prop, prop, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) &mwmhints, PROP_MWM_HINTS_ELEMENTS);
     }
 #endif
 
-/* graphics context for the vt window */
-    gcvalue.foreground = R->PixColors[Color_fg];
-    gcvalue.background = R->PixColors[Color_bg];
-    gcvalue.graphics_exposures = 1;
-    R->TermWin.gc = XCreateGC(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.vt,
-                             GCForeground | GCBackground
-                             | GCGraphicsExposures, &gcvalue);
+  /* vt cursor: Black-on-White is standard, but this is more popular */
+  TermWin_cursor = XCreateFontCursor (display->display, XC_xterm);
 
-#if defined(MENUBAR) || defined(RXVT_SCROLLBAR)
-    gcvalue.foreground = R->PixColors[Color_topShadow];
-    R->h->topShadowGC = XCreateGC(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.vt,
-                                 GCForeground, &gcvalue);
-    gcvalue.foreground = R->PixColors[Color_bottomShadow];
-    R->h->botShadowGC = XCreateGC(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.vt,
-                                 GCForeground, &gcvalue);
-    gcvalue.foreground = R->PixColors[(XDEPTH <= 2 ? Color_fg
-                                                  : Color_scroll)];
-    R->h->scrollbarGC = XCreateGC(R->Xdisplay, R->TermWin.vt,
-                                 GCForeground, &gcvalue);
+#if defined(HAVE_SCROLLBARS) || defined(MENUBAR)
+  /* cursor (menuBar/scrollBar): Black-on-White */
+  leftptr_cursor = XCreateFontCursor (display->display, XC_left_ptr);
 #endif
-}
 
-/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-/*
- * Run the command in a subprocess and return a file descriptor for the
- * master end of the pseudo-teletype pair with the command talking to
- * the slave.
- */
-/* INTPROTO */
-int
-rxvt_run_command(pR_ const char *const *argv)
-{
-    int             cfd, er;
-
-/* get master (pty) */
-    if ((cfd = rxvt_get_pty(&(R->tty_fd), &(R->h->ttydev))) < 0) {
-       rxvt_print_error("can't open pseudo-tty");
-       return -1;
-    }
-#ifdef FD_SETSIZE
-    if (R->Xfd > FD_SETSIZE || cfd > FD_SETSIZE) {
-       rxvt_print_error("fd too high: %d max", FD_SETSIZE);
-       rxvt_clean_exit();
-       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
+#ifdef POINTER_BLANK
+  {
+    XColor blackcolour;
+    blackcolour.red   = 0;
+    blackcolour.green = 0;
+    blackcolour.blue  = 0;
+    Font f = XLoadFont (display->display, "fixed");
+    blank_cursor = XCreateGlyphCursor (display->display, f, f, ' ', ' ',
+                                       &blackcolour, &blackcolour);
+    XUnloadFont (display->display, f);
+  }
 #endif
-    fcntl(cfd, F_SETFL, O_NDELAY);
 
-/* get slave (tty) */
-    if (R->tty_fd < 0) {
-#ifndef NO_SETOWNER_TTYDEV
-       rxvt_privileged_ttydev(aR_ SAVE);
-#endif
-       if ((R->tty_fd = rxvt_get_tty(R->h->ttydev)) < 0) {
-           close(cfd);
-           rxvt_print_error("can't open slave tty %s", R->h->ttydev);
-           return -1;
-       }
-    }
-#ifndef NO_BACKSPACE_KEY
-    if (R->h->key_backspace[0] && !R->h->key_backspace[1])
-       er = R->h->key_backspace[0];
-    else if (STRCMP(R->h->key_backspace, "DEC") == 0)
-       er = '\177';            /* the initial state anyway */
-    else
+  /* the vt window */
+  TermWin.vt = XCreateSimpleWindow (display->display, TermWin.parent[0],
+                                   window_vt_x,
+                                   window_vt_y,
+                                   TermWin_TotalWidth (),
+                                   TermWin_TotalHeight (),
+                                   0,
+                                   pix_colors_focused[Color_fg],
+                                   pix_colors_focused[Color_bg]);
+#ifdef DEBUG_X
+  XStoreName (display->display, TermWin.vt, "vt window");
 #endif
-       er = -1;
-    rxvt_get_ttymode(&(R->h->tio), er);
 
-/* install exit handler for cleanup */
-#ifdef HAVE_ATEXIT
-    atexit(rxvt_clean_exit);
-#else
-# ifdef HAVE_ON_EXIT
-    on_exit(rxvt_clean_exit, NULL);    /* non-ANSI exit handler */
-# endif
-#endif
+  attributes.bit_gravity = NorthWestGravity;
+  XChangeWindowAttributes (display->display, TermWin.vt, CWBitGravity, &attributes);
+
+  vt_emask = ExposureMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask | PropertyChangeMask;
+
+  pointer_unblank ();
 
-    signal(SIGHUP, rxvt_Exit_signal);
-#ifndef __svr4__
-    signal(SIGINT, rxvt_Exit_signal);
+#ifdef POINTER_BLANK
+  if (options & Opt_pointerBlank)
+    vt_emask |= PointerMotionMask;
+  else
 #endif
-    signal(SIGQUIT, rxvt_Exit_signal);
-    signal(SIGTERM, rxvt_Exit_signal);
-    signal(SIGCHLD, rxvt_Child_signal);
+    vt_emask |= Button1MotionMask | Button3MotionMask;
 
-/* need to trap SIGURG for SVR4 (Unixware) rlogin */
-/* signal (SIGURG, SIG_DFL); */
+  XSelectInput (display->display, TermWin.vt, vt_emask);
+  vt_ev.start (display, TermWin.vt);
 
-#ifndef __QNX__
-/* spin off the command interpreter */
-    switch (R->h->cmd_pid = fork()) {
-    case -1:
-       rxvt_print_error("can't fork");
-       return -1;
-    case 0:
-       close(cfd);             /* only keep R->tty_fd and STDERR open */
-       close(R->Xfd);
-       if (rxvt_control_tty(R->tty_fd, R->h->ttydev) < 0)
-           rxvt_print_error("could not obtain control of tty");
-       else {
-       /* Reopen stdin, stdout and stderr over the tty file descriptor */
-           dup2(R->tty_fd, STDIN_FILENO);
-           dup2(R->tty_fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
-           dup2(R->tty_fd, STDERR_FILENO);
-           if (R->tty_fd > 2)
-               close(R->tty_fd);
-           rxvt_run_child(aR_ argv);
-       }
-       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-       /* NOTREACHED */
-    default:
-       {
-#if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_UTMP) && defined(HAVE_TTYSLOT)
-           int             fdstdin;
+#if defined(MENUBAR) && (MENUBAR_MAX > 1)
+  if (menuBar_height ())
+    {
+      menuBar.win = XCreateSimpleWindow (display->display, TermWin.parent[0],
+                                         window_vt_x, 0,
+                                         TermWin_TotalWidth (),
+                                         menuBar_TotalHeight (),
+                                         0,
+                                         pix_colors_focused[Color_fg],
+                                         pix_colors_focused[Color_scroll]);
 
-           fdstdin = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
-           dup2(R->tty_fd, STDIN_FILENO);
-#endif
-           rxvt_privileged_utmp(aR_ SAVE);
-#if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_UTMP) && defined(HAVE_TTYSLOT)
-           dup2(fdstdin, STDIN_FILENO);
-           close(fdstdin);
+#ifdef DEBUG_X
+      XStoreName (display->display, menuBar.win, "menubar");
 #endif
-       }
-       close(R->tty_fd);       /* keep STDERR_FILENO, R->cmd_fd, R->Xfd open */
-       break;
-    }
-#else                          /* __QNX__ uses qnxspawn() */
-    fchmod(R->tty_fd, 0622);
-    fcntl(R->tty_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
-    fcntl(cfd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
 
-    if (rxvt_run_child(aR_ argv) == -1)
-       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-#endif
-/*
- * Reduce R->num_fds to what we use, so select() is more efficient
- */
-    R->num_fds = max(STDERR_FILENO, cfd);
-    MAX_IT(R->num_fds, R->Xfd);
-#ifdef __sgi                   /* Alex Coventry says we need 4 & 7 too */
-    MAX_IT(R->num_fds, 7);
-#endif
-    R->num_fds++;              /* counts from 0 */
+      menuBar.drawable = new rxvt_drawable (display, menuBar.win);
 
-    return cfd;
-}
+      XDefineCursor (display->display, menuBar.win,
+                     XCreateFontCursor (display->display, XC_left_ptr));
 
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
- *                          CHILD PROCESS OPERATIONS                         *
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-/*
- * The only open file descriptor is the slave tty - so no error messages.
- * returns are fatal
- */
-/* INTPROTO */
-int
-rxvt_run_child(pR_ const char *const *argv)
-{
-    char           *login;
+      XSelectInput (display->display, menuBar.win,
+                   (ExposureMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask
+                    | Button1MotionMask));
+      menubar_ev.start (display, menuBar.win);
+    }
+#endif
 
-    SET_TTYMODE(STDIN_FILENO, &(R->h->tio));   /* init terminal attributes */
+#ifdef XPM_BACKGROUND
+  if (rs[Rs_backgroundPixmap] != NULL
+      && ! (options & Opt_transparent))
+    {
+      const char *p = rs[Rs_backgroundPixmap];
 
-    if (R->Options & Opt_console) {    /* be virtual console, fail silently */
-#ifdef TIOCCONS
-       unsigned int    on = 1;
+      if ((p = strchr (p, ';')) != NULL)
+        {
+          p++;
+          scale_pixmap (p);
+        }
 
-       ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCCONS, &on);
-#elif defined (SRIOCSREDIR)
-       int             fd;
-
-       fd = open(CONSOLE, O_WRONLY, 0);
-       if (fd >= 0) {
-           if (ioctl(fd, SRIOCSREDIR, NULL) < 0)
-               close(fd);
-       }
-#endif                         /* SRIOCSREDIR */
+      set_bgPixmap (rs[Rs_backgroundPixmap]);
+      scr_touch (true);
     }
+#endif
 
-/* reset signals and spin off the command interpreter */
-    signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
-    signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
-    signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
-/*
- * mimick login's behavior by disabling the job control signals
- * a shell that wants them can turn them back on
- */
-#ifdef SIGTSTP
-    signal(SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
-    signal(SIGTTIN, SIG_IGN);
-    signal(SIGTTOU, SIG_IGN);
-#endif                         /* SIGTSTP */
+  /* graphics context for the vt window */
+  gcvalue.foreground = pix_colors[Color_fg];
+  gcvalue.background = pix_colors[Color_bg];
+  gcvalue.graphics_exposures = 1;
+  TermWin.gc = XCreateGC (display->display, TermWin.vt,
+                          GCForeground | GCBackground | GCGraphicsExposures,
+                          &gcvalue);
 
-    /* set window size */
-    rxvt_tt_winsize(STDIN_FILENO, R->TermWin.ncol, R->TermWin.nrow, 0);
+  TermWin.drawable = new rxvt_drawable (display, TermWin.vt);
 
-#ifndef __QNX__
-/* command interpreter path */
-    if (argv != NULL) {
-# ifdef DEBUG_CMD
-       int             i;
+#if defined(MENUBAR) || defined(RXVT_SCROLLBAR)
+  gcvalue.foreground = pix_colors[Color_topShadow];
+  topShadowGC = XCreateGC (display->display, TermWin.vt, GCForeground, &gcvalue);
+  gcvalue.foreground = pix_colors[Color_bottomShadow];
+  botShadowGC = XCreateGC (display->display, TermWin.vt, GCForeground, &gcvalue);
+  gcvalue.foreground = pix_colors[ (display->depth <= 2 ? Color_fg : Color_scroll)];
+  scrollbarGC = XCreateGC (display->display, TermWin.vt, GCForeground, &gcvalue);
+#endif
 
-       for (i = 0; argv[i]; i++)
-           fprintf(stderr, "argv [%d] = \"%s\"\n", i, argv[i]);
-# endif
-       execvp(argv[0], (char *const *)argv);
-       /* no error message: STDERR is closed! */
-    } else {
-       const char     *argv0, *shell;
-
-       if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL || *shell == '\0')
-           shell = "/bin/sh";
-
-       argv0 = (const char *)rxvt_r_basename(shell);
-       if (R->Options & Opt_loginShell) {
-           login = (char *)rxvt_malloc((STRLEN(argv0) + 2) * sizeof(char));
-
-           login[0] = '-';
-           STRCPY(&login[1], argv0);
-           argv0 = login;
-       }
-       execlp(shell, argv0, NULL);
-       /* no error message: STDERR is closed! */
-    }
-#else                          /* __QNX__ uses qnxspawn() */
-    {
-       char            iov_a[10] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 };
-       char           *command = NULL, fullcommand[_MAX_PATH];
-       char          **arg_v, *arg_a[2] = { NULL, NULL };
-
-       if (argv != NULL) {
-           if (access(argv[0], X_OK) == -1) {
-               if (STRCHR(argv[0], '/') == NULL) {
-                   searchenv(argv[0], "PATH", fullcommand);
-                   if (fullcommand[0] != '\0')
-                       command = fullcommand;
-               }
-               if (access(command, X_OK) == -1)
-                   return -1;
-           } else
-               command = argv[0];
-           arg_v = argv;
-       } else {
-           if ((command = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL || *command == '\0')
-               command = "/bin/sh";
-
-           arg_a[0] = my_basename(command);
-           if (R->Options & Opt_loginShell) {
-               login = rxvt_malloc((STRLEN(arg_a[0]) + 2) * sizeof(char));
-
-               login[0] = '-';
-               STRCPY(&login[1], arg_a[0]);
-               arg_a[0] = login;
-           }
-           arg_v = arg_a;
-       }
-       iov_a[0] = iov_a[1] = iov_a[2] = R->tty_fd;
-       R->h->cmd_pid = qnx_spawn(0, 0, 0, -1, -1,
-                                 _SPAWN_SETSID | _SPAWN_TCSETPGRP,
-                                 command, arg_v, environ, iov_a, 0);
-       if (login)
-           free(login);
-       close(R->tty_fd);
-       return R->cmd_fd;
-    }
+#ifdef OFF_FOCUS_FADING
+  // initially we are in unfocused state
+  if (rs[Rs_fade])
+    pix_colors = pix_colors_unfocused;
 #endif
-    return -1;
+
+  scr_recolour ();
 }
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
  *                            GET TTY CURRENT STATE                          *
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-/* rxvt_get_ttymode() */
-/* INTPROTO */
 void
-rxvt_get_ttymode(ttymode_t *tio, int erase)
+rxvt_get_ttymode (ttymode_t *tio, int erase)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS_H
-/*
- * standard System V termios interface
- */
-    if (GET_TERMIOS(STDIN_FILENO, tio) < 0) {
-       /* return error - use system defaults */
-       tio->c_cc[VINTR] = CINTR;
-       tio->c_cc[VQUIT] = CQUIT;
-       tio->c_cc[VERASE] = CERASE;
-       tio->c_cc[VKILL] = CKILL;
-       tio->c_cc[VSTART] = CSTART;
-       tio->c_cc[VSTOP] = CSTOP;
-       tio->c_cc[VSUSP] = CSUSP;
+  /*
+   * standard System V termios interface
+   */
+  if (GET_TERMIOS (STDIN_FILENO, tio) < 0)
+    {
+      /* return error - use system defaults */
+      tio->c_cc[VINTR] = CINTR;
+      tio->c_cc[VQUIT] = CQUIT;
+      tio->c_cc[VERASE] = CERASE;
+      tio->c_cc[VKILL] = CKILL;
+      tio->c_cc[VSTART] = CSTART;
+      tio->c_cc[VSTOP] = CSTOP;
+      tio->c_cc[VSUSP] = CSUSP;
 # ifdef VDSUSP
-       tio->c_cc[VDSUSP] = CDSUSP;
+
+      tio->c_cc[VDSUSP] = CDSUSP;
 # endif
 # ifdef VREPRINT
-       tio->c_cc[VREPRINT] = CRPRNT;
+
+      tio->c_cc[VREPRINT] = CRPRNT;
 # endif
 # ifdef VDISCRD
-       tio->c_cc[VDISCRD] = CFLUSH;
+
+      tio->c_cc[VDISCRD] = CFLUSH;
 # endif
 # ifdef VWERSE
-       tio->c_cc[VWERSE] = CWERASE;
+
+      tio->c_cc[VWERSE] = CWERASE;
 # endif
 # ifdef VLNEXT
-       tio->c_cc[VLNEXT] = CLNEXT;
+
+      tio->c_cc[VLNEXT] = CLNEXT;
 # endif
+
     }
-    tio->c_cc[VEOF] = CEOF;
-    tio->c_cc[VEOL] = VDISABLE;
+  tio->c_cc[VEOF] = CEOF;
+  tio->c_cc[VEOL] = VDISABLE;
 # ifdef VEOL2
-    tio->c_cc[VEOL2] = VDISABLE;
+
+  tio->c_cc[VEOL2] = VDISABLE;
 # endif
 # ifdef VSWTC
-    tio->c_cc[VSWTC] = VDISABLE;
+
+  tio->c_cc[VSWTC] = VDISABLE;
 # endif
 # ifdef VSWTCH
-    tio->c_cc[VSWTCH] = VDISABLE;
+
+  tio->c_cc[VSWTCH] = VDISABLE;
 # endif
 # if VMIN != VEOF
-    tio->c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
+
+  tio->c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
 # endif
 # if VTIME != VEOL
-    tio->c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
+
+  tio->c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
 # endif
-    if (erase != -1)
-       tio->c_cc[VERASE] = (char)erase;
 
-/* input modes */
-    tio->c_iflag = (BRKINT | IGNPAR | ICRNL
+  if (erase != -1)
+    tio->c_cc[VERASE] = (char)erase;
+
+  /* input modes */
+  tio->c_iflag = (BRKINT | IGNPAR | ICRNL
 # ifdef IMAXBEL
-                   | IMAXBEL
+                  | IMAXBEL
 # endif
-                   | IXON);
+                  | IXON);
 
-/* output modes */
-    tio->c_oflag = (OPOST | ONLCR);
+  /* output modes */
+  tio->c_oflag = (OPOST | ONLCR);
 
-/* control modes */
-    tio->c_cflag = (CS8 | CREAD);
+  /* control modes */
+  tio->c_cflag = (CS8 | CREAD);
 
-/* line discipline modes */
-    tio->c_lflag = (ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO
+  /* line discipline modes */
+  tio->c_lflag = (ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO
 # if defined (ECHOCTL) && defined (ECHOKE)
-                   | ECHOCTL | ECHOKE
+                  | ECHOCTL | ECHOKE
 # endif
-                   | ECHOE | ECHOK);
-# else                         /* HAVE_TERMIOS_H */
+                  | ECHOE | ECHOK);
+# else                          /* HAVE_TERMIOS_H */
 
-/*
- * sgtty interface
- */
+  /*
 * sgtty interface
 */
 
-/* get parameters -- gtty */
-    if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGETP, &(tio->sg)) < 0) {
-       tio->sg.sg_erase = CERASE;      /* ^H */
-       tio->sg.sg_kill = CKILL;        /* ^U */
+  /* get parameters -- gtty */
+  if (ioctl (STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGETP, & (tio->sg)) < 0)
+    {
+      tio->sg.sg_erase = CERASE;      /* ^H */
+      tio->sg.sg_kill = CKILL;        /* ^U */
     }
-    if (erase != -1)
-       tio->sg.sg_erase = (char)erase;
-
-    tio->sg.sg_flags = (CRMOD | ECHO | EVENP | ODDP);
-
-/* get special characters */
-    if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGETC, &(tio->tc)) < 0) {
-       tio->tc.t_intrc = CINTR;        /* ^C */
-       tio->tc.t_quitc = CQUIT;        /* ^\ */
-       tio->tc.t_startc = CSTART;      /* ^Q */
-       tio->tc.t_stopc = CSTOP;        /* ^S */
-       tio->tc.t_eofc = CEOF;  /* ^D */
-       tio->tc.t_brkc = -1;
+  if (erase != -1)
+    tio->sg.sg_erase = (char)erase;
+
+  tio->sg.sg_flags = (CRMOD | ECHO | EVENP | ODDP);
+
+  /* get special characters */
+  if (ioctl (STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGETC, & (tio->tc)) < 0)
+    {
+      tio->tc.t_intrc = CINTR;        /* ^C */
+      tio->tc.t_quitc = CQUIT;        /* ^\ */
+      tio->tc.t_startc = CSTART;      /* ^Q */
+      tio->tc.t_stopc = CSTOP;        /* ^S */
+      tio->tc.t_eofc = CEOF;  /* ^D */
+      tio->tc.t_brkc = -1;
     }
-/* get local special chars */
-    if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGLTC, &(tio->lc)) < 0) {
-       tio->lc.t_suspc = CSUSP;        /* ^Z */
-       tio->lc.t_dsuspc = CDSUSP;      /* ^Y */
-       tio->lc.t_rprntc = CRPRNT;      /* ^R */
-       tio->lc.t_flushc = CFLUSH;      /* ^O */
-       tio->lc.t_werasc = CWERASE;     /* ^W */
-       tio->lc.t_lnextc = CLNEXT;      /* ^V */
+  /* get local special chars */
+  if (ioctl (STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGLTC, & (tio->lc)) < 0)
+    {
+      tio->lc.t_suspc = CSUSP;        /* ^Z */
+      tio->lc.t_dsuspc = CDSUSP;      /* ^Y */
+      tio->lc.t_rprntc = CRPRNT;      /* ^R */
+      tio->lc.t_flushc = CFLUSH;      /* ^O */
+      tio->lc.t_werasc = CWERASE;     /* ^W */
+      tio->lc.t_lnextc = CLNEXT;      /* ^V */
     }
-/* get line discipline */
-    ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGETD, &(tio->line));
+  /* get line discipline */
+  ioctl (STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGETD, & (tio->line));
 # ifdef NTTYDISC
-    tio->line = NTTYDISC;
-# endif                                /* NTTYDISC */
-    tio->local = (LCRTBS | LCRTERA | LCTLECH | LPASS8 | LCRTKIL);
-#endif                         /* HAVE_TERMIOS_H */
 
-/*
- * Debugging
- */
+  tio->line = NTTYDISC;
+# endif                         /* NTTYDISC */
+
+  tio->local = (LCRTBS | LCRTERA | LCTLECH | LPASS8 | LCRTKIL);
+#endif                          /* HAVE_TERMIOS_H */
+
+  /*
+   * Debugging
+   */
 #ifdef DEBUG_TTYMODE
 #ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS_H
-/* c_iflag bits */
-    fprintf(stderr, "Input flags\n");
-
-/* cpp token stringize doesn't work on all machines <sigh> */
-# define FOO(flag,name)                        \
-    if ((tio->c_iflag) & flag)         \
-       fprintf (stderr, "%s ", name)
-
-/* c_iflag bits */
-    FOO(IGNBRK, "IGNBRK");
-    FOO(BRKINT, "BRKINT");
-    FOO(IGNPAR, "IGNPAR");
-    FOO(PARMRK, "PARMRK");
-    FOO(INPCK, "INPCK");
-    FOO(ISTRIP, "ISTRIP");
-    FOO(INLCR, "INLCR");
-    FOO(IGNCR, "IGNCR");
-    FOO(ICRNL, "ICRNL");
-    FOO(IXON, "IXON");
-    FOO(IXOFF, "IXOFF");
+  /* c_iflag bits */
+  fprintf (stderr, "Input flags\n");
+
+  /* cpp token stringize doesn't work on all machines <sigh> */
+# define FOO(flag,name)                 \
+    if ((tio->c_iflag) & flag)          \
+        fprintf (stderr, "%s ", name)
+
+  /* c_iflag bits */
+  FOO (IGNBRK, "IGNBRK");
+  FOO (BRKINT, "BRKINT");
+  FOO (IGNPAR, "IGNPAR");
+  FOO (PARMRK, "PARMRK");
+  FOO (INPCK, "INPCK");
+  FOO (ISTRIP, "ISTRIP");
+  FOO (INLCR, "INLCR");
+  FOO (IGNCR, "IGNCR");
+  FOO (ICRNL, "ICRNL");
+  FOO (IXON, "IXON");
+  FOO (IXOFF, "IXOFF");
 # ifdef IUCLC
-    FOO(IUCLC, "IUCLC");
+
+  FOO (IUCLC, "IUCLC");
 # endif
 # ifdef IXANY
-    FOO(IXANY, "IXANY");
+
+  FOO (IXANY, "IXANY");
 # endif
 # ifdef IMAXBEL
-    FOO(IMAXBEL, "IMAXBEL");
+
+  FOO (IMAXBEL, "IMAXBEL");
 # endif
-    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
 
 # undef FOO
-# define FOO(entry, name)                                      \
-    fprintf(stderr, "%-8s = %#04o\n", name, tio->c_cc [entry])
-
-    FOO(VINTR, "VINTR");
-    FOO(VQUIT, "VQUIT");
-    FOO(VERASE, "VERASE");
-    FOO(VKILL, "VKILL");
-    FOO(VEOF, "VEOF");
-    FOO(VEOL, "VEOL");
+# define FOO(entry, name)                                       \
+    fprintf (stderr, "%-8s = %#04o\n", name, tio->c_cc [entry])
+
+  FOO (VINTR, "VINTR");
+  FOO (VQUIT, "VQUIT");
+  FOO (VERASE, "VERASE");
+  FOO (VKILL, "VKILL");
+  FOO (VEOF, "VEOF");
+  FOO (VEOL, "VEOL");
 # ifdef VEOL2
-    FOO(VEOL2, "VEOL2");
+
+  FOO (VEOL2, "VEOL2");
 # endif
 # ifdef VSWTC
-    FOO(VSWTC, "VSWTC");
+
+  FOO (VSWTC, "VSWTC");
 # endif
 # ifdef VSWTCH
-    FOO(VSWTCH, "VSWTCH");
+
+  FOO (VSWTCH, "VSWTCH");
 # endif
-    FOO(VSTART, "VSTART");
-    FOO(VSTOP, "VSTOP");
-    FOO(VSUSP, "VSUSP");
+
+  FOO (VSTART, "VSTART");
+  FOO (VSTOP, "VSTOP");
+  FOO (VSUSP, "VSUSP");
 # ifdef VDSUSP
-    FOO(VDSUSP, "VDSUSP");
+
+  FOO (VDSUSP, "VDSUSP");
 # endif
 # ifdef VREPRINT
-    FOO(VREPRINT, "VREPRINT");
+
+  FOO (VREPRINT, "VREPRINT");
 # endif
 # ifdef VDISCRD
-    FOO(VDISCRD, "VDISCRD");
+
+  FOO (VDISCRD, "VDISCRD");
 # endif
 # ifdef VWERSE
-    FOO(VWERSE, "VWERSE");
+
+  FOO (VWERSE, "VWERSE");
 # endif
 # ifdef VLNEXT
-    FOO(VLNEXT, "VLNEXT");
+
+  FOO (VLNEXT, "VLNEXT");
 # endif
-    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
 # undef FOO
-# endif                                /* HAVE_TERMIOS_H */
-#endif                         /* DEBUG_TTYMODE */
+# endif                         /* HAVE_TERMIOS_H */
+#endif                          /* DEBUG_TTYMODE */
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/*
+ * Run the command in a subprocess and return a file descriptor for the
+ * master end of the pseudo-teletype pair with the command talking to
+ * the slave.
+ */
+void
+rxvt_term::run_command (const char *const *argv)
+{
+  int er;
+
+  if (!pty.get ())
+    rxvt_fatal ("can't initialize pseudo-tty, aborting.\n");
+
+#ifndef NO_BACKSPACE_KEY
+  if (key_backspace[0] && !key_backspace[1])
+    er = key_backspace[0];
+  else if (strcmp (key_backspace, "DEC") == 0)
+    er = '\177';            /* the initial state anyway */
+  else
+#endif
+    er = -1;
+
+  rxvt_get_ttymode (&tio, er);
+
+  /* set initial window size */
+  tt_winch ();
+
+#ifndef __QNX__
+  /* spin off the command interpreter */
+  switch (cmd_pid = fork ())
+    {
+      case -1:
+        rxvt_fatal ("can't fork, aborting.\n");
+      case 0:
+        init_env ();
+
+        if (!pty.make_controlling_tty ())
+          fprintf (stderr, "%s: could not obtain control of tty.", RESNAME);
+        else
+          {
+            /* Reopen stdin, stdout and stderr over the tty file descriptor */
+            dup2 (pty.tty, STDIN_FILENO);
+            dup2 (pty.tty, STDOUT_FILENO);
+            dup2 (pty.tty, STDERR_FILENO);
+
+            // close all our file handles that we do no longer need
+            for (rxvt_term **t = termlist.begin (); t < termlist.end (); t++)
+              {
+                if ((*t)->pty.pty > 2) close ((*t)->pty.pty);
+                if ((*t)->pty.tty > 2) close ((*t)->pty.tty);
+              }
+
+            run_child (argv);
+            fprintf (stderr, "%s: unable to exec child.", RESNAME);
+          }
+
+        _exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+      default:
+        {
+#if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_UTMP) && defined(HAVE_TTYSLOT)
+          int fdstdin;
+
+          fdstdin = dup (STDIN_FILENO);
+          dup2 (pty.tty, STDIN_FILENO);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef UTMP_SUPPORT
+          privileged_utmp (SAVE);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_UTMP) && defined(HAVE_TTYSLOT)
+
+          dup2 (fdstdin, STDIN_FILENO);
+          close (fdstdin);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        pty.close_tty ();   /* keep STDERR_FILENO, pty.pty, display->fd () open */
+        break;
+    }
+#else                           /* __QNX__ uses qnxspawn () */
+  fchmod (pty.tty, 0622);
+  fcntl (pty.tty, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+  fcntl (pty.pty, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+
+  if (run_child (argv) == -1)
+    exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
+ *                          CHILD PROCESS OPERATIONS                         *
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/*
+ * The only open file descriptor is the slave tty - so no error messages.
+ * returns are fatal
+ */
+int
+rxvt_term::run_child (const char *const *argv)
+{
+  char *login;
+
+  SET_TTYMODE (STDIN_FILENO, &tio);       /* init terminal attributes */
+
+  if (options & Opt_console)
+    {     /* be virtual console, fail silently */
+#ifdef TIOCCONS
+      unsigned int on = 1;
+
+      ioctl (STDIN_FILENO, TIOCCONS, &on);
+#elif defined (SRIOCSREDIR)
+      int fd;
+
+      fd = open (CONSOLE, O_WRONLY, 0);
+      if (fd >= 0)
+        if (ioctl (fd, SRIOCSREDIR, NULL) < 0)
+          close (fd);
+#endif                          /* SRIOCSREDIR */
+    }
+
+  /* reset signals and spin off the command interpreter */
+  signal (SIGINT,  SIG_DFL);
+  signal (SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
+  signal (SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
+  signal (SIGHUP,  SIG_DFL);
+  signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
+  /*
+   * mimick login's behavior by disabling the job control signals
+   * a shell that wants them can turn them back on
+   */
+#ifdef SIGTSTP
+  signal (SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
+  signal (SIGTTIN, SIG_IGN);
+  signal (SIGTTOU, SIG_IGN);
+#endif                          /* SIGTSTP */
+
+  // unblock signals (signals are blocked by iom.C
+  sigset_t ss;
+  sigemptyset (&ss);
+  sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &ss, 0);
+
+#ifndef __QNX__
+  /* command interpreter path */
+  if (argv != NULL)
+    {
+# ifdef DEBUG_CMD
+      int             i;
+
+      for (i = 0; argv[i]; i++)
+        fprintf (stderr, "argv [%d] = \"%s\"\n", i, argv[i]);
+# endif
+
+      execvp (argv[0], (char *const *)argv);
+      /* no error message: STDERR is closed! */
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      const char     *argv0, *shell;
+
+      if ((shell = getenv ("SHELL")) == NULL || *shell == '\0')
+        shell = "/bin/sh";
+
+      argv0 = (const char *)rxvt_r_basename (shell);
+
+      if (options & Opt_loginShell)
+        {
+          login = (char *)rxvt_malloc ((strlen (argv0) + 2) * sizeof (char));
+
+          login[0] = '-';
+          strcpy (&login[1], argv0);
+          argv0 = login;
+        }
+      execlp (shell, argv0, NULL);
+      /* no error message: STDERR is closed! */
+    }
+
+#else                           /* __QNX__ uses qnxspawn () */
+
+  char iov_a[10] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 };
+  char *command = NULL, fullcommand[_MAX_PATH];
+  char **arg_v, *arg_a[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+
+  if (argv != NULL)
+    {
+      if (access (argv[0], X_OK) == -1)
+        {
+          if (strchr (argv[0], '/') == NULL)
+            {
+              searchenv (argv[0], "PATH", fullcommand);
+
+              if (fullcommand[0] != '\0')
+                command = fullcommand;
+            }
+
+          if (access (command, X_OK) == -1)
+            return -1;
+        }
+      else
+        command = argv[0];
+
+      arg_v = argv;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      if ((command = getenv ("SHELL")) == NULL || *command == '\0')
+        command = "/bin/sh";
+
+      arg_a[0] = my_basename (command);
+
+      if (options & Opt_loginShell)
+        {
+          login = rxvt_malloc ((strlen (arg_a[0]) + 2) * sizeof (char));
+
+          login[0] = '-';
+          strcpy (&login[1], arg_a[0]);
+          arg_a[0] = login;
+        }
+
+      arg_v = arg_a;
+    }
+
+  iov_a[0] = iov_a[1] = iov_a[2] = pty.tty;
+  cmd_pid = qnx_spawn (0, 0, 0, -1, -1,
+                       _SPAWN_SETSID | _SPAWN_TCSETPGRP,
+                       command, arg_v, environ, iov_a, 0);
+  if (login)
+    free (login);
+
+  pty.close_tty ();
+  return pty.pty;
+#endif
+
+  return -1;
 }
 
 /*----------------------- end-of-file (C source) -----------------------*/